Abstract: Provided is a air purge device that can effectively discharge air.

Abstract: The present disclosure promotes distribution of sensor data among a plurality of business operators. A controller that an information processing system according to the present disclosure includes collects first data including a plurality of items and personal information from mobile bodies belonging to a first business operator. The controller converts the first data to second data not being usable to identify individuals. The controller provides data in a range decided based on content of a predetermined data use contract, among the second data, to a second business operator. The controller calculates a consideration for the data that is to be paid by the second business operator, based on a data use record of the second business operator.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development includes: toner particles; perovskite compound particles externally added to the toner particles; and silica particles (S) that are externally added to the toner particles and include an elemental nitrogen-containing compound containing elemental molybdenum and in which the ratio NMo/NSi of a Net intensity NMo of elemental molybdenum that is measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis to a Net intensity NSi of elemental silicon that is measured by the X-ray fluorescence analysis is from 0.035 to 0.45 inclusive.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a filter, a negative-pressure mechanism, and a first opening and closing mechanism. The filter is disposed in an exhaust passage coupled to an engine. The negative-pressure mechanism is configured to pressurize a portion of the exhaust passage upstream of the filter to a negative pressure less than an atmospheric pressure. The first opening and closing mechanism includes an opening disposed in the exhaust passage, and a valve configured to selectively open and close the opening. The valve is configured to, when the exhaust passage becomes negatively pressurized by the negative-pressure mechanism, open the opening.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a filter, a negative-pressure mechanism, and a first opening and closing mechanism. The filter is disposed in an exhaust passage coupled to an engine. The negative-pressure mechanism is configured to pressurize a portion of the exhaust passage upstream of the filter to a negative pressure less than an atmospheric pressure. The first opening and closing mechanism includes an opening disposed in the exhaust passage, and a valve configured to selectively open and close the opening. The valve is configured to, when the exhaust passage becomes negatively pressurized by the negative-pressure mechanism, open the opening.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains negatively charged toner particles and silica particles added to an exterior of the toner particles, in which in a case where the silica particles are sorted into silica particles (S1) having a circularity of 0.91 or more and silica particles (S2) having a circularity less than 0.91, a mass ratio N/Si of a nitrogen element to a silicon element in a group of the silica particles (S1) is 0.005 or more and 0.50 or less, a mass ratio N/Si of a nitrogen element to a silicon element in a group of the silica particles (S2) is less than 0.005, and an average circularity of the silica particles (S2) is 0.84 or more and less than 0.91.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a catalyst includes depositing a catalyst slurry containing at least a catalyst metal and water on a support, depositing particles of a water-absorbing polymer on a surface of the catalyst slurry, expanding the particles to a predetermined size with the water present in the catalyst slurry, and firing the support having the catalyst slurry and the particles deposited on the catalyst slurry.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles, titanic acid compound particles that are added to an exterior of the toner particles, have a peak existing in a range of 20 nm or more and less than 80 nm in a number-based primary particle size distribution curve, and have an average circularity of 0.88 or more and 0.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles, silica particles that are added to an exterior of the toner particles, and titanic acid compound particles that are added to the exterior of the toner particles and have an average circularity of 0.890 or more and 0.950 or less, in which the silica particles include particles having a primary particle size of 80 nm or less, the particles having a primary particle size of 80 nm or less have at least one peak in a range of 20 nm or more and less than 80 nm in a number-based primary particle size distribution curve (hereinafter, silica particles having such a peak will be called “specific silica particles”), the titanic acid compound particles have at least one peak in a range of 20 nm or more and less than 80 nm in a number-based primary particle size distribution curve, a difference between an average circularity of the specific silica particles and the average circularity of the titanic acid compound particles is 0.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a catalyst includes depositing a catalyst slurry containing at least a catalyst metal and water on a support, depositing particles of a water-absorbing polymer on a surface of the catalyst slurry, expanding the particles to a predetermined size with the water present in the catalyst slurry, and firing the support having the catalyst slurry and the particles deposited on the catalyst slurry.

Abstract: A battery unit (1) includes battery subunits (11, 12, 13) and a voltage monitoring circuit (30). The battery subunits (11, 12, 13) includes battery modules (110, 120, 130), each having a secondary battery cell (111, 121, 131) and a fuse (112, 122, 132) connected in series. The voltage monitoring circuit (30) monitors the voltage across the terminals of each of the battery subunits (11, 12, 13). Each of the battery subunits (11, 12, 13) includes one battery module or a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130) connected in parallel.

Abstract: In a magnetic measurement system for a battery, a magnetic signal generated by electric currents in the battery for charging and discharging can be accurately measured without saturating the output of a magnetic sensor even in an environment having strong magnetic noise, and electric current distribution in the lithium-ion battery is visualized. Generating a antiphase magnetic field having an antiphase magnetic field to a magnetic field measured by each magnetic sensor into the cancel coil disposed around each the magnetic sensor before charging and discharging; thereafter, reducing magnetic noise by subtracting the magnetic data recorded before charging and discharging (the correction-magnetic field data) from the magnetic data for charging and discharging; and accurately measuring the magnetic signal generated from the lithium-ion battery for charging and discharging are included.

Abstract: A liquid fuel cell comprising a plurality of unit fuel cells each having a positive electrode (8) for reducing oxygen, a negative electrode (9) for oxidizing liquid fuel, and an electrolyte layer (10) interposed between the positive electrode (8) and the negative electrode (9), and a section (3) for storing liquid fuel (4), wherein power can be generated stably while reducing the size by arranging the plurality of unit fuel cells on the substantially same plane. Each electrolyte layer of the unit fuel cell preferably constitutes a continuous integrated electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes, in order, consecutively depositing a gate insulating film and a silicon layer on a semiconductor substrate, implanting boron into the silicon layer, diffusing the boron by heat-treating the silicon layer, implanting phosphorous into the silicon layer, diffusing at least the phosphorous by heat-treating the silicon layer, and patterning the silicon layer by using a dry etching technique.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for reducing the leak current by reducing contamination of metal composing a polymetal gate of a MISFET. Of a polycrystalline silicon film, a WN film, a W film, and a cap insulating film formed on a gate insulating film on a p-type well (semiconductor substrate), the cap insulating film, the W film, and the WN film are etched and the over-etching of the polycrystalline silicon film below them is performed. Then, a sidewall film is formed on sidewalls of these films. Thereafter, after etching the polycrystalline silicon film with using the sidewall film as a mask, a thermal treatment is performed in an oxidation atmosphere, by which a light oxide film is formed on the sidewall of the polycrystalline silicon film. As a result, the contamination on the gate insulating film due to the W and the W oxide can be reduced, and also, the diffusion of these materials into the semiconductor substrate (p-type well) and the resultant increase of the leak current can be prevented.

Abstract: A CMOS device includes a silicon substrate, a gate insulating film, and a gate electrode including a silicon layer doped with boron and phosphorous, a tungsten nitride layer and a tungsten layer. A ratio of a maximum boron concentration to a minimum boron concentration in a boron concentration profile across the thickness of the silicon layer is not higher than 100. The CMOS device has a lower NBTI (Negative Bias Temperature Instability) degradation.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes, in order, consecutively depositing a gate insulating film and a silicon layer on a semiconductor substrate, implanting boron into the silicon layer, diffusing the boron by heat-treating the silicon layer, implanting phosphorous into the silicon layer, diffusing at least the phosphorous by heat-treating the silicon layer, and patterning the silicon layer by using a dry etching technique.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating material of the present invention includes a metal material that reacts with water to generate hydrogen, and a heat generating material that reacts with water to generate heat and is a material other than the metal material. The heat generating material is unevenly distributed with respect to the metal material. The hydrogen generating material has a plurality of regions that differ in content of the heat generating material. The content of the heat generating material is preferably 30 wt % to 80 wt % in a region with the highest content of the heat generating material. A hydrogen generator of the present invention includes the hydrogen generating material and a vessel containing the hydrogen generating material. The vessel can accommodate another inner vessel.