Abstract: A bonded body has a supporting substrate composed of silicon, piezoelectric material substrate, and a bonding layer provided on a bonding surface of the supporting substrate and composed of a metal oxide. An amount of aluminum atoms on the bonding surface of the supporting substrate is 1.0×1011 to 1.0×1015 atoms/cm2.

Abstract: A bonded body includes a supporting substrate; a piezoelectric material substrate composed of a material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate-lithium tantalate; and a bonding layer bonding the supporting substrate and piezoelectric material substrate and contacting a main surface of the piezoelectric material substrate. At least one of a bonding surface of the supporting substrate and a bonding surface of the piezoelectric material substrate, as measured by spectral ellipsometry with ? being assigned to a difference of phases of p-polarized light and s-polarized light of a reflected light, has a difference of the maximum and minimum values of the difference ? of the phases in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 760 nm of 70° or lower.

Abstract: A bonded body has a supporting substrate composed of silicon, piezoelectric material substrate, and a bonding layer provided on a bonding surface of the supporting substrate and composed of a metal oxide. An amount of aluminum atoms on the bonding surface of the supporting substrate is 1.0×1011 to 1.0×1015 atoms/cm2.

Abstract: A bonded body includes a supporting substrate; a piezoelectric material substrate composed of a material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate-lithium tantalate; and a bonding layer bonding the supporting substrate and piezoelectric material substrate and contacting a main surface of the piezoelectric material substrate. Provided that at least one of a bonding surface of the supporting substrate and a bonding surface of the piezoelectric material substrate is measured by spectral ellipsometry and that ? is assigned to a difference of phases of p-polarized light and s-polarized light of a reflected light, a difference of the maximum and minimum values of the difference ? of the phases in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 760 nm is 70° or lower.

Abstract: A bonded body includes a supporting substrate; a piezoelectric material substrate composed of a material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate-lithium tantalate; and a bonding layer bonding the supporting substrate and piezoelectric material substrate and contacting a main surface of the piezoelectric material substrate. Provided that at least one of a bonding surface of the supporting substrate and a bonding surface of the piezoelectric material substrate is measured by spectral ellipsometry and that ? is assigned to a difference of phases of p-polarized light and s-polarized light of a reflected light, a difference of the maximum and minimum values of the difference ? of the phases in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 760 nm is 70° or lower.

Abstract: A cooling device for an internal combustion engine includes a circulation path, a coolant temperature sensor, a coolant pump, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute processing for performing feedback control on power of the coolant pump such that the output of the coolant temperature sensor becomes a target temperature, micelle determination processing for determining whether or not micelles are added to a coolant based on pump work of the coolant pump and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the circulation path, Toms determination processing for determining whether or not the flow rate of the coolant satisfies a Toms effect expression condition, and correction processing for increasing a relative value of the output of the coolant temperature sensor with respect to the target temperature when the micelles is added and the Toms effect expression condition is established.

Abstract: A gas sorbent is characterized in that a gas sorbing material that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid at time of gas sorption and also undergoes a phase change from liquid to solid at time of gas desorption is supported in a carrier and the sorbent keeps its solid-like outer shape before/after the phase changes of the gas sorbing material.

Abstract: A cooling device for an internal combustion engine includes a circulation path, a coolant temperature sensor, a coolant pump, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute processing for performing feedback control on power of the coolant pump such that the output of the coolant temperature sensor becomes a target temperature, micelle determination processing for determining whether or not micelles are added to a coolant based on pump work of the coolant pump and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the circulation path, Toms determination processing for determining whether or not the flow rate of the coolant satisfies a Toms effect expression condition, and correction processing for increasing a relative value of the output of the coolant temperature sensor with respect to the target temperature when the micelles is added and the Toms effect expression condition is established.