Abstract: A method of fabricating a package-on-package (PoP) type of semiconductor package may include providing a lower package with a lower substrate, a lower semiconductor chip, and a lower mold layer and providing an upper package with an upper substrate, an upper semiconductor chip, and an upper mold layer. A through hole is formed to penetrate the upper package, and the upper package and lower package are electrically connected. A thermal interface material is injected into the through hole to form a first heat transmission part between, and in contact with, the upper package and the lower package.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor package including a package substrate having lands, a first semiconductor device mounted on the package substrate and having a bottom surface on which first lines are disposed, and solder balls respectively electrically connected to the lands of the package substrate with the first lines of the first semiconductor device. The first semiconductor device includes a first substrate, and through-substrate via (TSV) plugs that vertically pass through the first substrate. The TSV plugs are respectively vertically aligned with the first lines, overlap first regions corresponding to 70% or less of diameters of the solder balls from central axes of the solder balls, and do not overlap second regions corresponding to the remaining 30% or more of diameters of the solder balls from the central axes of the solder balls. Adjacent ones of the TSV plugs are arranged at irregular intervals with respect to each other.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: an inorganic ionic conductor including a trivalent metal element, a pentavalent metal element, phosphorous, and oxygen; and a polymer.

Abstract: A code word selection method performed by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes generating a rotation matrix using previously selected codeword; generating a new differential code book using the rotation matrix and a differential code book; selecting a code word from the new differential code book; and performing data transmission using the selected code word.

Abstract: There is provided a slit valve unit including: a body disposed on an outer side of a process chamber and having an entrance connected to an opening of the process chamber; a slit valve provided in an internal space of the body and selectively opening and closing the entrance; a plurality of packing members provided along the circumference of the entrance on an inner side of the body and tightly attached to the slit valve when the slit valve shields the entrance; and a connection pipe having one end exposed between the plurality of packing members on the inner side of the body so as to be connected to an airtight space formed among the plurality of packing members, the body, and the slit valve, and the other end exposed to the outer side of the body, the connection pipe penetrating the body.

Abstract: A humidifier including a spray unit configured to apply electric charge to water, and to spray water having electric charge applied thereto, an evaporation unit formed with a duct in which evaporation of the electrically-charged water being sprayed is taken place, and configured to guide a vapor and a foreign substance, which are separated from each other through the evaporation, to an outside, and a dust collection unit configured to collect the foreign substance at an inside the duct by forming an electric field, the humidifier capable of performing a large-capacity humidification by the generation of the electrically charged droplets, and capable of removing the foreign substance included in the droplets by using the electrical force, thereby enhancing the cleanliness of the humidification, and by using an electric field, accelerating the evaporation so that the size of the duct is minimized, and thus manufacturing the humidifier in a compact size.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured using an expandable material. The method includes forming a first gate insulating layer on a substrate, forming first and second gate structures on the first gate insulating layer, the first and second gate structures being spaced apart from each other at a distance, forming an expandable material on sidewalls and upper surfaces of the first and second gate structures, forming a gap-fill layer on the expandable material between the first and second gate structures, and performing a heat-treatment process to increase the volume of the expandable material.

Abstract: A method and a receiver for receiving positioning signals are disclosed. The positioning signals are received from a plurality of first sources in a first frequency range and from a plurality of second sources in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. The receiver is switched between the first and second frequency ranges to receive the positioning signals, and the receiver obtains time offset information about a time taken to switch the receiver between the first and second frequency ranges, by obtaining a solution to a set of simultaneous equations based on combined navigation data for the first and second sources.

Abstract: Nanosensors including graphene and methods of manufacturing the same. A nanosensor includes a first insulating layer in which a first nanopore is formed; a graphene layer that is disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second nanopore or a nanogap formed therein adjacent to the first nanopore; and a marker element that is disposed adjacent to the graphene layer and identifies a position of the graphene layer.

Abstract: A flexible apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The flexible apparatus includes: a sensor which senses a bending of the flexible apparatus; and a controller which, if a bending line which is formed based on the bending is continuously moved in a first direction and thus reaches a location which corresponds to a display location of at least one object, provides a visual feedback with respect to the at least one object.

Abstract: A method for reproducing a music file of a mobile communication terminal includes outputting a confirmation message for determining whether a music file is to be reproduced if reproduction of the music file is requested during the manner mode of the mobile communication terminal, and reproducing the music file if an external output device is connected to the mobile communication terminal. Since a user can reproduce music files without any complex key manipulation, even during the manner mode of the mobile communication terminal, the user can listen to desired music easily, thereby improving the convenience of the mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: A digital photographing apparatus is provided for performing an auto-focus (AF) function and a method of controlling the digital photographing apparatus is provided as well. The method of controlling the digital photographing apparatus includes determining whether an AF operation is about to be performed by using a deviation of image data or a vibration degree of the digital photographing apparatus; performing a preceding operation of a focus lens if it is determined that the AF operation is about to be performed; and performing a post operation of the focus lens when a first shutter-release button input is received. Thus, a moving distance and a frequency of changing direction of the focus lens may be reduced by recognizing a behavior pattern of the user, and thus, an AF operating time (i.e., AF operating time after the user pushes a shutter) may be reduced.

Abstract: A method and system for analyzing biomolecules using a high concentration electrolytic solution and a low concentration electrolytic solution.

Abstract: Stacked semiconductor chips include a bonding-wire-free interconnection electrically connecting the semiconductor chips to each. An opening in an adhesion layer between the semiconductor chips may provide a path for the interconnection from a bonding pad on one semiconductor chip, along a sidewall insulation layer of the semiconductor chip, along a sidewall insulation layer of another semiconductor chip to a bonding pad on the other semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A small signal receiver includes a first current adjustment circuit connected between a first power supply voltage terminal and a first node to provide current in response to a self-bias signal, a self-biased differential amplifier connected between the first node and a second node to compare an input signal with a reference voltage, provide the self-bias signal to a self-biasing node and output an output signal through an output node, and a second current adjustment circuit connected between the second node and a second power supply voltage terminal to sink current at the second node in response to the self-bias signal. The self-biased differential amplifier includes a swing stabilizing block connected between an input node to which the input signal is applied and the self-biasing node to stabilize the input signal compared with the reference voltage.

Abstract: A method of forming fine patterns of a semiconductor device according to a double patterning process that uses acid diffusion is provided. In this method, a plurality of first mask patterns are formed on a substrate. A capping film including an acid source is formed on the exposed surface areas of the plurality of first mask patterns. A second mask layer is formed on the capping films. A plurality of acid diffused regions are formed within the second mask layer by diffusing acid obtained from the acid source from the capping films into the second mask layer. A plurality of second mask patterns are formed of residual parts of the second mask layer which remain after removing the acid diffused regions of the second mask layer.

Abstract: A method of relaying an image. The method includes receiving a plurality of images which are photographed by a plurality of image processing apparatuses, determining orientation modes of the plurality of images, combining the plurality of images to generate a combined image in which the plurality of combined images are orientated in the same way, and transmitting the combined image to the plurality of image processing apparatuses.

Abstract: An electronic chalkboard system including a plurality of display panels, a pointing device which touches the plurality of panels, an image processor which processes an image to be displayed on one of the plurality of panels that is drawn by the pointing device, a controller which selects one of the plurality of panels based on a first panel of the plurality of panels if the first panel is touched by the pointing device, and controls the image processor to display on the selected panel a menu related to the image displayed on the first panel, and, if a second panel of the plurality of panels is touched by the pointing device while the menu is displayed on the selected panel, the controller newly selects one of the plurality of panels based on the second panel and transfers the displayed menu to the newly-selected panel.

Abstract: A lithium air battery module including a lithium air battery cell including a first electrolyte; an additional electrolyte disposed non-adjacent the first electrolyte; and a housing which accommodates the lithium air battery cell and the additional electrolyte.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube layer for a field emission cathode where individual carbon nanotubes or small groups of carbon nanotubes that stick out from the surface more than the rest of the layer are avoided. Electron fields will concentrate on these sharp points, creating an enhanced image on the phosphor, resulting in a more luminous spot than the surroundings. Activation processes further free such carbon nanotubes or groups of carbon nanotubes sticking out from the surface, exasperating the problem.