Abstract: A method of fabricating a package-on-package (PoP) type of semiconductor package may include providing a lower package with a lower substrate, a lower semiconductor chip, and a lower mold layer and providing an upper package with an upper substrate, an upper semiconductor chip, and an upper mold layer. A through hole is formed to penetrate the upper package, and the upper package and lower package are electrically connected. A thermal interface material is injected into the through hole to form a first heat transmission part between, and in contact with, the upper package and the lower package.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor package including a package substrate having lands, a first semiconductor device mounted on the package substrate and having a bottom surface on which first lines are disposed, and solder balls respectively electrically connected to the lands of the package substrate with the first lines of the first semiconductor device. The first semiconductor device includes a first substrate, and through-substrate via (TSV) plugs that vertically pass through the first substrate. The TSV plugs are respectively vertically aligned with the first lines, overlap first regions corresponding to 70% or less of diameters of the solder balls from central axes of the solder balls, and do not overlap second regions corresponding to the remaining 30% or more of diameters of the solder balls from the central axes of the solder balls. Adjacent ones of the TSV plugs are arranged at irregular intervals with respect to each other.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: an inorganic ionic conductor including a trivalent metal element, a pentavalent metal element, phosphorous, and oxygen; and a polymer.

Abstract: A code word selection method performed by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes generating a rotation matrix using previously selected codeword; generating a new differential code book using the rotation matrix and a differential code book; selecting a code word from the new differential code book; and performing data transmission using the selected code word.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured using an expandable material. The method includes forming a first gate insulating layer on a substrate, forming first and second gate structures on the first gate insulating layer, the first and second gate structures being spaced apart from each other at a distance, forming an expandable material on sidewalls and upper surfaces of the first and second gate structures, forming a gap-fill layer on the expandable material between the first and second gate structures, and performing a heat-treatment process to increase the volume of the expandable material.

Abstract: A method and a receiver for receiving positioning signals are disclosed. The positioning signals are received from a plurality of first sources in a first frequency range and from a plurality of second sources in a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. The receiver is switched between the first and second frequency ranges to receive the positioning signals, and the receiver obtains time offset information about a time taken to switch the receiver between the first and second frequency ranges, by obtaining a solution to a set of simultaneous equations based on combined navigation data for the first and second sources.

Abstract: A method for reproducing a music file of a mobile communication terminal includes outputting a confirmation message for determining whether a music file is to be reproduced if reproduction of the music file is requested during the manner mode of the mobile communication terminal, and reproducing the music file if an external output device is connected to the mobile communication terminal. Since a user can reproduce music files without any complex key manipulation, even during the manner mode of the mobile communication terminal, the user can listen to desired music easily, thereby improving the convenience of the mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: A flexible apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The flexible apparatus includes: a sensor which senses a bending of the flexible apparatus; and a controller which, if a bending line which is formed based on the bending is continuously moved in a first direction and thus reaches a location which corresponds to a display location of at least one object, provides a visual feedback with respect to the at least one object.

Abstract: A method and system for analyzing biomolecules using a high concentration electrolytic solution and a low concentration electrolytic solution.

Abstract: Stacked semiconductor chips include a bonding-wire-free interconnection electrically connecting the semiconductor chips to each. An opening in an adhesion layer between the semiconductor chips may provide a path for the interconnection from a bonding pad on one semiconductor chip, along a sidewall insulation layer of the semiconductor chip, along a sidewall insulation layer of another semiconductor chip to a bonding pad on the other semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A small signal receiver includes a first current adjustment circuit connected between a first power supply voltage terminal and a first node to provide current in response to a self-bias signal, a self-biased differential amplifier connected between the first node and a second node to compare an input signal with a reference voltage, provide the self-bias signal to a self-biasing node and output an output signal through an output node, and a second current adjustment circuit connected between the second node and a second power supply voltage terminal to sink current at the second node in response to the self-bias signal. The self-biased differential amplifier includes a swing stabilizing block connected between an input node to which the input signal is applied and the self-biasing node to stabilize the input signal compared with the reference voltage.

Abstract: A method of forming fine patterns of a semiconductor device according to a double patterning process that uses acid diffusion is provided. In this method, a plurality of first mask patterns are formed on a substrate. A capping film including an acid source is formed on the exposed surface areas of the plurality of first mask patterns. A second mask layer is formed on the capping films. A plurality of acid diffused regions are formed within the second mask layer by diffusing acid obtained from the acid source from the capping films into the second mask layer. A plurality of second mask patterns are formed of residual parts of the second mask layer which remain after removing the acid diffused regions of the second mask layer.

Abstract: An electronic chalkboard system including a plurality of display panels, a pointing device which touches the plurality of panels, an image processor which processes an image to be displayed on one of the plurality of panels that is drawn by the pointing device, a controller which selects one of the plurality of panels based on a first panel of the plurality of panels if the first panel is touched by the pointing device, and controls the image processor to display on the selected panel a menu related to the image displayed on the first panel, and, if a second panel of the plurality of panels is touched by the pointing device while the menu is displayed on the selected panel, the controller newly selects one of the plurality of panels based on the second panel and transfers the displayed menu to the newly-selected panel.

Abstract: A lithium air battery module including a lithium air battery cell including a first electrolyte; an additional electrolyte disposed non-adjacent the first electrolyte; and a housing which accommodates the lithium air battery cell and the additional electrolyte.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display module further including a control board for controlling an operation of the display module to display an image. An outer casing unit accommodates the display module, and a wireless communication unit performs wireless communication with an external communication device. The wireless communication unit includes at least one antenna for transmitting and receiving a radio signal to and from the external communication device, and a wireless communication board converts the radio signal received from the antenna into an electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the control board or transmits the electrical signal provided from the control board to the antenna, wherein the antenna and the wireless communication board are arranged to be spatially separated from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a apparatus for encoding a video, and a method and apparatus for decoding a video, in which neighboring pixels used to perform intra prediction on a current block to be encoded are filtered and intra prediction is performed by using the filtered neighboring pixels.

Abstract: A remote control method may include: sending a control privilege request message to a control privilege manager; receiving, by an agent, a control privilege response message corresponding to the control privilege request message; and transitioning from a passive mode during which the agent is remotely controlled by an external device to an active mode during which the agent remotely controls an external device.

Abstract: A base station includes a reference signal sequence generator configured to generate a reference signal sequence for a reference signal for each of n antenna ports using one initialization seed cinit with n being a positive integer. The initialization seed is defined as: cinit=(?ns/2?+1)·(2NIDcell+1)·216+NIDgroup, where ns is a first slot number in a subframe, NIDcell is a cell identifier of the base station, and NIDgroup is a group identifier. The base station also includes a transmit path circuitry configured to transmit a downlink grant and the reference signal. In some embodiments, the group identifier NIDgroup is a one-bit group identifier dynamically indicated in a codepoint in the downlink grant transmitted by the base station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a visible light communication system including a transmission device, including multiple light emitting units emitting light of different colors and mapping transmission data to a chromaticity point, calculating luminescence of each of the light emitting units, generating a preamble signal for channel matrix estimation, and emitting light based on the preamble signal and calculated luminescence amount. A reception device of the visible light communication system includes multiple light receiving units and estimates a channel matrix based on a corresponding optical signal when an optical signal corresponding to the preamble signal is received in each light receiving unit, compensates the optical signal corresponding to the chromaticity point for a propagation path based on the estimated channel matrix, detects a chromaticity point on the chromaticity coordinates based on a signal after the propagation path compensation, and demodulates the transmission data.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an improved structure of a storage box and a shelf thereof so as to achieve increased space utilization of a storage compartment. The storage box may have slide protrusions respectively formed on both of outer side-faces of the storage box at a lower portion thereof to allow the storage box to be slidably retracted in or extended from the storage compartment. The shelf may have a support structure to support food thereon and slide grooves respectively formed above both sides of the support structure, each groove receiving the corresponding slide protrusion of the storage box. When the storage box is mounted on the shelf, food may be put in the inner space of the storage box, whereas when the storage box is dismounted from the shelf, a food storage space may be present on the support structure of the shelf.