Abstract: A true random number generator including a transistor, a first voltage source, a second voltage source, and a comparator. The transistor has a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. Two of the electrodes are electrically connected by a channel of conductive nanomaterial. The first voltage source is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second voltage source is electrically connected to the second electrode. The comparator is electrically connected to the third electrode and is configured to classify a measured electrical property at the third electrode as either HIGH or LOW based on a comparison of the measured electrical property with a reference value. The measured electrical property varies over time due to random telegraph signals (RTSs) due to defects in the transistor.

Abstract: A true random number generator including a transistor, a first voltage source, a second voltage source, and a comparator. The transistor has a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. Two of the electrodes are electrically connected by a channel of conductive nanomaterial. The first voltage source is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second voltage source is electrically connected to the second electrode. The comparator is electrically connected to the third electrode and is configured to classify a measured electrical property at the third electrode as either HIGH or LOW based on a comparison of the measured electrical property with a reference value. The measured electrical property varies over time due to random telegraph signals (RTSs) due to defects in the transistor.

Abstract: A reconfigurable metamaterial apparatus, having a metamaterial structure capable of focusing incoming radiation, the incoming radiation having at least one of a normal incoming radiation and an off-axis incoming radiation. The metamaterial structure has a matrix frame structure and an array of elements disposed in relation to the matrix frame structure. The array has a refractive index gradient profile. Each element has a material with a specific refractive index corresponding to its location in the array; and each element has an alterability feature for facilitating selectively altering its refractive index. The alterability feature has at least one of an interchangeability feature and a tunability feature. The refractive index gradient profile is at least one of tunable and optimizable for at least one parameter of focal stength and frequency, whereby undesirable signals from the incoming radiation are wave-guidable for areal dissipation, and whereby delicate equipment is protectable.