Abstract: The magnetic pole position of the rotor is estimated with high accuracy at the initial start of a three-phase motor of the sensorless system. Semiconductor device for driving and controlling the three-phase motor of the sensorless system have a detector connected to the three-phase output nodes of the inverter circuit and the virtual neutral point (or neutral point), and detecting a voltage generated in the output node of the non-energized phase of the three-phase. Controller applies the initial drive voltage by the inverter circuit to any two phases of the three-phase motor based on the estimated position of the magnetic pole of the rotor in the stop state. Controller estimates the position of the rotor based on a difference voltage detected by the detector in a driving voltage applying period and a regeneration period immediately after or immediately before the driving voltage applying period.

Abstract: A bagmaking and packaging device includes a transverse sealing unit, a first tube member, and a gas flow path member. The first tube member is disposed above the transverse sealing unit and extends in an up and down direction. The first tube member allows a packaging material to become wrapped around it to thereby form the packaging material into a tubular shape. At least part of the gas flow path member is disposed inside the first tube member. The gas flow path member delivers nitrogen into the packaging material formed into the tubular shape. The first tube member includes a cutout portion that extends in the up and down direction. The cutout portion is formed so that the nitrogen can move between a space between the packaging material formed into the tubular shape and the first tube member and the inside space of the first tube member.

Abstract: A method of producing a shaped object includes preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked.

Abstract: A shaped object includes a first shaped portion expressing a three-dimensional shape of an object in a first state by at least one bump on the surface of a first thermally expansive section that expands due to being heated, and second shaped portion expressing a three-dimensional shape of the object in a second state by at least one bump on the surface of a second thermally expansive section that expands due to being heated. The second state is a state in which the object is more deteriorated than in the first state. The height of the at least one bump on the surface of the second thermally expansive section at least partially differs from a height of the at least one bump on the surface of the first thermally expansive section.

Abstract: A thermally expandable material includes microcapsules and a binder having a conducting property, each microcapsule including a shell having an insulating property, and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating, the shell deforming due to expansion of the thermally expandable component to come in contact with another capsule and have an insulating state with the other capsule.

Abstract: A microcapsule includes a shell including a conducting component, and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating. The shell is deformable in accordance with expansion of the thermally expandable component when the thermally expandable component is heated.

Abstract: A method of producing a shaped object includes preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked.

Abstract: A microcapsule includes a shell including a conducting component, and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating. The shell is deformable in accordance with expansion of the thermally expandable component when the thermally expandable component is heated.

Abstract: A microcapsule includes a shell including a conducting component; and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating, the shell deforming due to expansion of the thermally expandable component to come in contact with another capsule and have a conducting state with the other capsule.

Abstract: A print data creation device creates, from two-dimensional image data, three-dimensional print data to be printed on a thermally distensible sheet. The device includes a processor programmed to receive the two-dimensional image data of prescribed gradations; divide the two-dimensional image data of prescribed gradations into a plurality of density layers that expand to different respective expansion heights when printed on the thermally distensible sheet; create, from the plurality of density layers, an expansion data set having a plurality of layer images to be printed on the thermally distensible sheet; and causes the expansion data set to be output to a printing unit that prints on the thermally distensible sheet.

Abstract: A microcapsule includes a shell including a conducting component; and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating, the shell deforming due to expansion of the thermally expandable component to come in contact with another capsule and have a conducting state with the other capsule.

Abstract: A thermally expandable material includes microcapsules and a binder having a conducting property, each microcapsule including a shell having an insulating property, and a thermally expandable component contained in the shell and having a property of expanding by heating, the shell deforming due to expansion of the thermally expandable component to come in contact with another capsule and have an insulating state with the other capsule.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image data reviewing device includes a processor that obtains first distension data for causing a thermally distensible layer of a thermally distensible sheet to distend from one of a front surface and a rear surface of the thermally distensible sheet and that obtains second distension data for causing the thermally distensible layer to distend from another of the front surface and the rear surface, a display unit connected to the processor, wherein the processor causes the display unit to display, on a preview screen, an appearance of the thermally distensible sheet after the thermally distensible layer is caused to distend in accordance with the first distension data and the second distension data, the processor also causing the display unit to identifiably display, in a prescribed manner, an abnormal region of the thermally distensible layer where the thermally distensible layer is predicted to distend abnormally.

Abstract: A system for forming a structure on a print medium 1 includes: a print unit (print device) 10 for printing an electromagnetic wave-heat conversion layer for converting electromagnetic waves into heat, on a medium including an expansion layer that expands by heating; an expansion unit (expansion device) 20 aligned laterally with the print unit 10, for expanding the expansion layer by irradiating the medium with electromagnetic waves; and a top plate 30 covering the print unit 10 and the expansion unit 20 from above.

Abstract: A shaped object includes a first shaped portion expressing a three-dimensional shape of an object in a first state by at least one bump on the surface of a first thermally expansive section that expands due to being heated, and second shaped portion expressing a three-dimensional shape of the object in a second state by at least one bump on the surface of a second thermally expansive section that expands due to being heated. The second state is a state in which the object is more deteriorated than in the first state. The height of the at least one bump on the surface of the second thermally expansive section at least partially differs from a height of the at least one bump on the surface of the first thermally expansive section.

Abstract: A system for forming a structure on a print medium 1 includes: a print unit (print device) 10 for printing an electromagnetic wave-heat conversion layer for converting electromagnetic waves into heat, on a medium including an expansion layer that expands by heating; an expansion unit (expansion device) 20 aligned laterally with the print unit 10, for expanding the expansion layer by irradiating the medium with electromagnetic waves; and a top plate 30 covering the print unit 10 and the expansion unit 20 from above.

Abstract: A system for forming a structure on a print medium 1 includes: a print unit (print device) 10 for printing an electromagnetic wave-heat conversion layer for converting electromagnetic waves into heat, on a medium including an expansion layer that expands by heating; an expansion unit (expansion device) 20 aligned laterally with the print unit 10, for expanding the expansion layer by irradiating the medium with electromagnetic waves; and a top plate 30 covering the print unit 10 and the expansion unit 20 from above.

Abstract: A print data creation device creates, from two-dimensional image data, three-dimensional print data to be printed on a thermally distensible sheet. The device includes a processor programmed to receive the two-dimensional image data of prescribed gradations; divide the two-dimensional image data of prescribed gradations into a plurality of density layers that expand to different respective expansion heights when printed on the thermally distensible sheet; create, from the plurality of density layers, an expansion data set having a plurality of layer images to be printed on the thermally distensible sheet; and causes the expansion data set to be output to a printing unit that prints on the thermally distensible sheet.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image data reviewing device includes a processor that obtains first distension data for causing a thermally distensible layer of a thermally distensible sheet to distend from one of a front surface and a rear surface of the thermally distensible sheet and that obtains second distension data for causing the thermally distensible layer to distend from another of the front surface and the rear surface, a display unit connected to the processor, wherein the processor causes the display unit to display, on a preview screen, an appearance of the thermally distensible sheet after the thermally distensible layer is caused to distend in accordance with the first distension data and the second distension data, the processor also causing the display unit to identifiably display, in a prescribed manner, an abnormal region of the thermally distensible layer where the thermally distensible layer is predicted to distend abnormally.

Abstract: A node includes a time difference measurement unit and a time setting unit. The time difference measurement unit measures a time difference between a first time based on latest received time information and a second time based on second-latest received time information. The time setting unit calculates an adjustment time difference when the time difference exceeds an allowable range of error that is smaller than an allowable range of maintainable communication, sets a time obtained by adding the adjustment time difference and the second time to the time of the node when the adjustment time difference is within the allowable range of maintainable communication, and sets a time obtained by adding a time difference corresponding to the allowable range of maintainable communication and the second time to the time of the node when the adjustment time difference exceeds the allowable range of maintainable communication.