Abstract: An electro-optical device substrate is provided comprising a base, and a plurality of wirings formed on the base. In at least one of the wirings, there is, in a bent portion of the wirings, a portion whose line width W0 gradually increases from a first side of the base to a second side. By preparing a portion having a large line width lowers the wiring resistance of the wirings, thereby preventing crosstalk from being generated in a display region of the electro-optical device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a plurality of spacers formed on a first substrate, a plurality of R colored layers, G colored layers, and B colored layers formed on a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a light-shielding layer formed between the colored layers. The plurality of spacers is provided around the respective colored layers, and the dimensions of the spacers is set to be Zg<Zb and Zg<Zr, and preferably, Zg<Zr<Zb corresponding to the respective colored layers. Thus, even if an assembly error occurs in attaching the substrates, the possibility that the spacers may get into the G colored regions is suppressed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electro-optic device having a panel structure including an electro-optic material disposed between a pair of substrates, a spacer disposed between the pair of substrates to define the gap therebetween, and a color filter provided on one of the pair of substrates includes forming a substrate region to be used as the panel structure and a peripheral region to be separated from the substrate region on each of a pair of pre-substrates, bonding the pair of pre-substrates together to form a pre-panel structure, and dividing the pre-panel structure to form the panel structure, wherein a stacked structure including the spacer and a colored layer constituting the color filter or a protective film covering the color filter is disposed in the peripheral region of the pre-panel structure.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a plurality of R colored layers, a plurality of G colored layers, and a plurality of B colored layers that are formed on either one of a pair of substrates and are aligned in a predetermined arrangement in plan view, a light-shielding layer formed between the colored layers, and a plurality of spacers formed on either one of the pair of substrates and protruding toward the other substrate. The plurality of spacers is formed around the B colored layers and/or the R colored layers, but is not formed around the G colored layers. Thus, even if a positional deviation occurs between the substrates, the spacers do not get into the G colored layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a plurality of spacers formed on a first substrate, a plurality of R colored layers, G colored layers, and B colored layers formed on a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a light-shielding layer formed between the colored layers. The plurality of spacers is provided around the respective colored layers, and the dimensions of the spacers is set to be Zg<Zb and Zg<Zr, and preferably, Zg<Zr<Zb corresponding to the respective colored layers. Thus, even if an assembly error occurs in attaching the substrates, the possibility that the spacers may get into the G colored regions is suppressed.

Abstract: An electrical wiring structure is provided which can be formed simultaneously when non-linear elements containing corrosion resistant metal wires and non-corrosion resistant metal wires are formed. In addition, a manufacturing method of the electrical wiring structure, an electro-optical device substrate provided with the electrical wiring structure, an electro-optical device, and a manufacturing method thereof are also provided. In particular, an oxide layer and the non-corrosion resistant metal wire are sequentially formed on a surface of the corrosion resistant metal wire. An exposed portion of the corrosion resistant metal wire is formed by removing part of the oxide layer. An electrical connection auxiliary member, such as a through-hole formed at the exposed portion or a conductive inorganic oxide film formed on the corrosion resistant metal wire and the exposed portion, is formed to electrically connect the corrosion resistant metal wire and the non-corrosion resistant metal wire.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nonlinear element capable further improving nonlinearity of a nonlinear element, an electrooptic device, and electronic apparatus. In forming an element substrate of a liquid crystal device, an underlying layer is formed on the surface of the element substrate in the underlying layer forming step (a), and then a first metal film having a metal film containing at least Ta is formed in the first metal film forming step (b). Then, in the insulating film forming step (c), the first metal film is annealed under high pressure in an atmosphere containing water vapor to form an insulating film on the first metal film. Then, in the second metal film forming step, a second metal film is formed on the surface of the insulating film to produce a nonlinear element.

Abstract: An electro-optical device substrate is provided comprising a base, and a plurality of wirings formed on the base. In at least one of the wirings, there is, in a bent portion of the wirings, a portion whose line width W0 gradually increases from a first side of the base to a second side. By preparing a portion having a large line width lowers the wiring resistance of the wirings, thereby preventing crosstalk from being generated in a display region of the electro-optical device.

Abstract: A gas liquid centrifugal separator includes a cylindrical vessel having an axis extending in a vertical direction, an exhaust port in a top wall of the vessel which discharges gas separated from a liquid-gas mixture, a drainage port provided in a bottom wall of the vessel which discharges liquid separated from the liquid-gas mixture, and an introducing port in a peripheral wall of the vessel which introduces the mixture into the vessel. Gas-liquid separation is conducted by an inverted conical liquid surface formed in an upper separating chamber of the vessel as a result of the mixture traveling circumferentially along an inner peripheral surface of the vessel.

Abstract: A gas liquid centrifugal separator conducts a gas-liquid separating treatment of a mixture comprising a liquid and a gas contained in the liquid to separate the gas and the liquid from each other. The separator includes a cylindrical vessel having an axis extending in a vertical direction, an exhaust port provided in a top wall of the cylindrical vessel for discharging the separated gas, a drainage port provided in a bottom wall of the cylindrical vessel for discharging the separated liquid, and an introducing port provided in a peripheral wall of the cylindrical vessel for introducing the mixture into the cylindrical vessel in order to conduct the gas-liquid separation treatment utilizing an inverted conical liquid surface formed by causing the mixture to travel circumferentially travel along an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical vessel. Thus, the separation of the mixture into the gas and the liquid can be conducted reliably, and the internal structure of the cylindrical vessel can be simplified.

Abstract: In a water electrolyzing system of a solar-power-generating type, a low power generated by a photovoltaic generator and not reaching a level required for the operation of a water electrolyzer is utilized effectively. A water electrolyzing system includes a water electrolyzer, a first photovoltaic generator which is a power source of the water electrolyzer, and at least one electric device, for example, an accumulating device and a heater for raising the temperature of water to be electrolyzed. When a power generated by the first photovoltaic generator is lower than a level required for the operation of the water electrolyzer, if the temperature of the water to be electrolyzed is lower than 80°, the generated power is supplied to the temperature-raising heater, or if T≧80°, the generated power is supplied to the accumulating device and accumulated therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nonlinear element capable further improving nonlinearity of a nonlinear element, an electrooptic device, and electronic apparatus. In forming an element substrate of a liquid crystal device, an underlying layer is formed on the surface of the element substrate in the underlying layer forming step (a), and then a first metal film having a metal film containing at least Ta is formed in the first metal film forming step (b). Then, in the insulating film forming step (c), the first metal film is annealed under high pressure in an atmosphere containing water vapor to form an insulating film on the first metal film. Then, in the second metal film forming step, a second metal film is formed on the surface of the insulating film to produce a nonlinear element.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle is provided in which the main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and the auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The response of the vehicle to the operation of the accelerator is improved by suppressing in advance the slip of the main driven wheels due to an excess output of the engine. The main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The vehicle is started by the output of the electric motor in the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter is small (that is to say, the region in which the efficiency is low) such as when the vehicle is starting, and when it enters the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter exceeds 0.8 and the efficiency exceeds 85% the drive of the electric motor is stopped or suspended and the vehicle is made to travel by means of the output of the engine.

Abstract: A mouse pad including a fibrous sheet made of ultrafine fibers, and a substrate. The mouse pad may be incorporated into a mouse pad package so that a part of the surface of the mouse pad provided by the fibrous sheet or a separate piece made of substantially the same material is exposed so that a consumer can touch it directly to confirm its touch and test its likely behavior as a mouse pad.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle is provided in which the main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and the auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The response of the vehicle to the operation of the accelerator is improved by suppressing in advance the slip of the main driven wheels due to an excess output of the engine. The main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The vehicle is started by the output of the electric motor in the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter is small (that is to say, the region in which the efficiency is low) such as when the vehicle is starting, and when it enters the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter exceeds 0.8 and the efficiency exceeds 85% the drive of the electric motor is stopped or suspended and the vehicle is made to travel by means of the output of the engine.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid coating composition comprising a silicone resin and an acetal or hemi-acetal-containing solvent, which is excellent in storage stability and coating property, and useful for forming a silicon-containing coating film on the surface of a substrate useful for electronic devices, the silicon-containing coating film being satisfactorily used as interlayer insulating films, levelling films and protecting films for semiconductor devices.

Abstract: When the remaining capacity of a battery on a hybrid vehicle is smaller than a threshold value or the battery is unable to output the amount of electric energy required to propel the hybrid vehicle with a propulsive electric motor, the engine is started by a generator which operates in a motor mode. After the engine has been warmed up, the generator operates in a generator mode to generate electric energy which is supplied to the battery and the propulsive electric motor. The threshold value for the remaining capacity of the battery is greater as the atmospheric pressure is lower. Therefore, if the hybrid vehicle is running under a low atmospheric pressure such as on a highland, the electric energy is supplied from the generator to the battery and the propulsive electric motor at an early stage where the capacity of the battery is relatively high.

Abstract: A developer preparing apparatus for obtaining a developer containing a developer component having a definite content by mixing an undiluted developer solution containing 5 to 40% by weight of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and pure water, and a developer preparing method for preparing the developer using the developer preparing apparatus. The developer preparing apparatus comprising a mixing bath equipped with a means for receiving and mixing an undiluted developer solution and pure water, an ultrasonic densitometer for measuring the developer component contained in the developer in the mixing bath, a flow rate controlling means for controlling the supplying flow rate of the undiluted developer solution and/or pure water into the mixing bath by the output signal from the ultrasonic densitometer, and a storage tank for receiving and storing the developer containing the developer component having the definite content in the mixing bath.

Abstract: An electrode connecting device of a liquid crystal display element connects a transparent electrode terminal formed on a substrate constructed by a flexible film to an electrode terminal of a driving circuit and an external circuit through an anisotropic conductive film. The electrode connecting device has a protecting film formed on a surface of a connecting portion on which the transparent electrode terminal is formed. The protecting film can absorb stress applied to the transparent electrode at a thermal press-fixing time and can move conductive particles within the anisotropic conductive film. Both the electrodes are electrically connected to each other through the conductive particles within the anisotropic conductive film extending through the protecting film. The protecting film may be disposed on only the transparent electrode. A peripheral substrate portion around both the connected electrodes may be covered with another protecting film.

Abstract: A light-polarizing film is disclosed, comprising a conductive polymer having dichroism and having an unsaturated cyclic structure in the main chain thereof. The light-polarizing film of the invention has good polarization quality and is excellent in durability under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.