Abstract: A Zener diode contacts an inner periphery surface of an intermediate transfer belt, and an opposing roller which opposes a detecting member is electrically insulated, in a configuration where transfer is performed at multiple photosensitive drums while an electrical current is applied in a peripheral direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: It has been difficult to ensure satisfactory secondary transfer performance while ensuring satisfactory primary transfer performance by passing a current in the circumferential direction of an intermediate transfer belt from a current supply member. To satisfy a relationship of Rv>Rs, where Rv is resistance in the thickness direction of an intermediate transfer belt and Rs is resistance in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt over the distance between an image carrier located most upstream and an image carrier located most downstream in the movement direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a current supply member comes into contact with a belt at a position different from a position of the transfer section in a rotational direction of the belt, and a control unit performs constant current control on the current flowing through the current supply member by setting a predetermined value to a target current value, and can change a first state in which a part of the current supplied to the current supply member flows to a ground side via a constant voltage element, and a second state in which the current supplied to the current supply member does not flow to the ground side via the constant voltage element, by maintaining the constant current control by the predetermined value.

Abstract: In existing image forming apparatuses, it is difficult to maintain each of a primary transfer member and a secondary transfer member at an optimum potential. An image forming apparatus includes a voltage maintenance element connected to a secondary transfer counter roller and a primary transfer member. The voltage maintenance element maintains each of the secondary transfer counter roller and the primary transfer member at a predetermined potential or higher. By using the voltage maintenance element, each of a secondary transfer roller and the primary transfer member is set to an optimum potential by a single transfer power supply.

Abstract: A Zener diode contacts an inner periphery surface of an intermediate transfer belt, and an opposing roller which opposes a detecting member is electrically insulated, in a configuration where transfer is performed at multiple photosensitive drums while an electrical current is applied in a peripheral direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: It has been difficult to ensure satisfactory secondary transfer performance while ensuring satisfactory primary transfer performance by passing a current in the circumferential direction of an intermediate transfer belt from a current supply member. To satisfy a relationship of Rv>Rs, where Rv is resistance in the thickness direction of an intermediate transfer belt and Rs is resistance in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt over the distance between an image carrier located most upstream and an image carrier located most downstream in the movement direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: It has been difficult to ensure satisfactory secondary transfer performance while ensuring satisfactory primary transfer performance by passing a current in the circumferential direction of an intermediate transfer belt from a current supply member. To satisfy a relationship of Rv>Rs, where Rv is resistance in the thickness direction of an intermediate transfer belt and Rs is resistance in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt over the distance between an image carrier located most upstream and an image carrier located most downstream in the movement direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A light-source driver for a light-source, detachable from an endoscope body includes a first switch, a pilot lamp, a warning lamp, a second switch, and a light switcher. The first switch switches between the On-state and Off-state in connection with the attachment and detachment of the light-source to the endoscope body. The pilot lamp indicates that the illumination light source is energized. The warning lamp indicates that the output voltage of a battery has dropped below a predetermined value. The second switch switches the warning lamp between the On-state and Off-state in connection with the On-state and Off-state of the first switch. The light switcher switches the pilot lamp to the Off-state and enables the second switch when the second switch is set to the On-state and the output voltage has declined to or below the predetermined value.

Abstract: It has been difficult to ensure satisfactory secondary transfer performance while ensuring satisfactory primary transfer performance by passing a current in the circumferential direction of an intermediate transfer belt from a current supply member. To satisfy a relationship of Rv>Rs, where Rv is resistance in the thickness direction of an intermediate transfer belt and Rs is resistance in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt over the distance between an image carrier located most upstream and an image carrier located most downstream in the movement direction of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: In existing image forming apparatuses, it is difficult to maintain each of a primary transfer member and a secondary transfer member at an optimum potential. An image forming apparatus includes a voltage maintenance element connected to a secondary transfer counter roller and a primary transfer member. The voltage maintenance element maintains each of the secondary transfer counter roller and the primary transfer member at a predetermined potential or higher. By using the voltage maintenance element, each of a secondary transfer roller and the primary transfer member is set to an optimum potential by a single transfer power supply.

Abstract: A voltage control circuit includes a voltage step-up device that steps up an applied voltage to a stepped-up voltage, an electronic device to which the stepped-up voltage is applied, a current monitor that monitors a supplied current that is supplied to the electronic device, based on the stepped-up voltage, a step-up controller that controls the stepped-up voltage to be a predetermined target voltage, based on the supplied current, and a warning provider that provides a warning when the current monitor can not monitor the supplied current.

Abstract: An operating state display system includes a housing, a board provided inside the housing, a first light emitter attached on the board, a second light emitter arranged adjacent to the first light emitter on the board, a first light guider attached to the housing to face the first light emitter, a second light guider attached to the housing to face the second light emitter, and an electronic component attached between the first and second light emitters on the board. The electronic component protrudes by a predetermined length in the same direction as the first and second light emitters from a surface of the board. The predetermined length is longer than a distance between the first light emitter and the board and a distance between the second light emitter and the board.

Abstract: There is provided a method of reducing a power supply voltage which is supplied from a voltage regulator to at least one particular circuit, the voltage regulator being configured to adjust its output voltage by use of an external output voltage setting circuit connected thereto, a switching element being used to connect an output voltage setting terminal of the voltage regulator to a ground via a predetermined resistance. The method includes turning off the switching element so that the output voltage of the voltage regulator is set at a preset power supply voltage for enabling the at least one particular circuit, and turning on the switching element so that the output voltage of the voltage regulator is reduced to a predetermined voltage lower than the preset power supply voltage.

Abstract: A light-source driver for a light-source unit detachable from an endoscope body of a portable endoscope is provided. The light-source driver includes a first switch, a pilot lamp, a warning lamp, a second switch, and a light-switching block. The first switch switches its status between the On-state and Off-state in connection with the attachment and detachment of the light-source unit to the endoscope body. The pilot lamp indicates that the illumination light source is being energized. The warning lamp indicates that the output voltage of a battery has dropped below a predetermined value. The second switch switches the status of the warning lamp between the On-state and Off-state in connection with the On-state and the Off-state of the first switch. The light-switching block switches the pilot lamp to the Off-state and further enables the second switch when the second switch is set to the On-state and the output voltage has declined to or below the predetermined value.

Abstract: A light-source driver for a light-source unit detachable from an endoscope body of a portable endoscope is provided. The light-source driver comprises a step-up controller, a first switch, and a second switch. The step-up controller supplies stepped-up voltage from a power source to a light source. The first switch's status switches between the On-state and Off-state in connection with the attachment and detachment of the light-source unit from the endoscope body. The second switch is connected to a break-control terminal of the step-up controller for setting a standby mode of the step-up controller. The On-state and Off-state of the second switch are controlled by the On-state and Off-state of the first switch, and the step-up controller is set to the standby mode when the light-source unit is detached from the endoscope body.

Abstract: An operating state display system includes a housing, a board provided inside the housing, a first light emitter attached on the board, a second light emitter arranged adjacent to the first light emitter on the board, a first light guider attached to the housing to face the first light emitter, a second light guider attached to the housing to face the second light emitter, and an electronic component attached between the first and second light emitters on the board. The electronic component protrudes by a predetermined length in the same direction as the first and second light emitters from a surface of the board. The predetermined length is longer than a distance between the first light emitter and the board and a distance between the second light emitter and the board.

Abstract: A remote-control device, according to the present invention, is for a camera having a light signal receiver that receives a light signal. The remote-control device includes a light signal transmitter, a position adjuster, and a switch member. The light signal transmitter transmits the light signal. The position adjuster adjusts the relative position of the light signal transmitter with respect to the camera. The switch member is connected to the light signal transmitter and commands the light signal transmitter to transmit the light signal. The switch member is movable with respect to the light signal transmitter, and the position adjuster adjusts the relative position of the light signal transmitter so that the light signal is received by the light signal receiver.

Abstract: An operation assist tool for a photographic device having an operation member, according to the present invention, includes an operation command member and a fastening tool. The operation command member commands the operation member to carry out an operation of the photographic device. The fastening tool has a body to which the photographic device is fastened, and an elastic plate to which the operation command member is attached.

Abstract: An endoscope has a plurality of LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) and a light-controller. The plurality of LEDs illuminates an object, and is disposed at a tip portion of the endoscope. Further, in the plurality of LEDs, at least one first LED that emits white light and at least one second LED that emits light corresponding to a long-wavelength range in visible light, are included. The light-controller controls an emission of the plurality of LEDs.

Abstract: An endoscope has a plurality of LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) that illuminate an object and are disposed at a tip portion of the endoscope, and a light-controller that controls an emission of the plurality of LEDs. The light-controller controls the plurality of LEDs so as to cause a luminance difference among the plurality of LEDs.