Abstract: An optical disk is provided which comprises two sheets of substrates; or two sheets of substrate and a reinforcing plate or a reinforcing rim; or one sheet of substrate and a reinforcing plate; which are bonded to form an integrated body having a spacer interposed therebetween, said spacer being made of elastomeric foam having a specific gravity of not more than 1.5 and an expansion ratio of not less than 1.5 as the material of the said spacer. This optical disk has a high adaptability of the drive and exhibits a high reliability, i.e. excellent vibration restricting performance, thereby being possible to provide a stable and highly accurate information processing.

Abstract: A positive type photoresist composition comprising a novolak resin and O-quinone diazide compound, the novolak resin being one which is obtained by the addition condensation reaction of a phenol and formaldehyde which is performed in one stage by using as a catalyst an organic acid salt of a divalent metal which is more electropositive than hydrogen, or in two stages by using an acid catalyst in the subsequent stage, the phenol being at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 4, the compound being such that the average carbon number in the substituent per one phenol nucelus is 0.5 to 1.5 and the ones with the substituent at the ortho- or para-position with respect to the hydroxyl group account for less than 50 mol %, is disclosed. The positive type photoresist composition of the invention has an improved resolving power, i.e., .gamma.-value.

Abstract: A positive type photoresist composition comprising an m-hydroxy-.alpha.-methylstyrene polymer and as a photo-sensitizer a quinonediazide compound is disclosed. A positive type photoresist composition comprising an m-hydroxy-.alpha.-methylstyrene polymer, a novolak resin, and as a photo-sensitizer a quinonediazide compound, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of a phenolic resin modified with a liquid polybutadiene being useful as an impregnating varnish in the production of a copper-clad laminate for a printed circuit, which comprises preparing an adduct of a liquid polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 with an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride, subjecting the adduct to an addition reaction with one or plurality of phenols in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain a composition and reacting the composition with formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: A resin composition for electrocoating which comprises(I) a reaction product (G) of an epoxy compound (E), optionally an epoxy group-modifying agent (F) and a partially esterified and/or partially amidated product (D) which is obtained by partially esterifying and/or partially amidating an adduct (A) of a conjugated diene polymer with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride with an alcoholic hydroxy group-containing compound (B) and/or a primary or secondary monoamine (C), respectively, and(II) a completely blocked organic polyisocyanate,said mixture of the reaction product (G) and the completely blocked organic polyisocyanate being neutralized, ora neutralized product of an adduct (H) of the reaction product (G) with a partially blocked organic polyisocyanate.The resin composition is applicable to electrocoating, particularly cathodic electrocoating, and hence, is useful for electrocoating of steel products, particularly for electrocoating of automobiles.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a phenol resin modified with a liquid polybutadiene which comprises reacting a polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 with a phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain a composition which consists of a polybutadiene-phenol adduct and unreacted phenol, in said polybutadiene-phenol adduct, one molecule of phenol per 3 to 8 butadiene units being added to the polybutadiene, and reacting the composition of a polybutadiene-phenol adduct with a formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst, said basic catalyst comprising a primary amine of the formula: R--NH.sub.2 wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mole per 1 mole of the phenol used for the preparation of the composition which is used alone or in combination thereof with other basic compound.

Abstract: 1,1,3,4,4,6-Hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (HMT), which is an intermediate for the production of acetyl HMT valuable in the art of perfumery because of its musk-like odor properties, is produced with industrial advantages by reacting p-cymene with 2,3-dimethylbutene using a catalytic amount of an anhydrous aluminum halide in the presence of at least one member selected from secondary alkyl halides, tertiary alkyl halides, propargyl halides and allyl halides; and 7-acetyl HMT is obtained by acetylation of the above-obtained HMT.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a resin composition which comprises reacting a polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 10,000 and 1,4-structure of at least 80% by weight with a phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain a composition which consists of a polybutadiene-phenol adduct and unreacted phenol, in said polybutadiene-phenol adduct, one molecule of phenol per 3 to 8 butadiene units being added to the polybutadiene, and reacting the polybutadiene-phenol adduct composition with a formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst. Said resin composition thus prepared is useful for the preparation of a laminated sheet having excellent curing characteristics, particularly excellent electrical characteristics, punchability and flexibility.

Abstract: A resin for coatings, particularly useful as a medium for printing inks and paints, comprising a modified polymer produced by adding at least one .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof to at least one liquid conjugated diolefinic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 3,000, a viscosity of 2 to 5,000 cps at 30.degree. C. and at least 50% of cis-1,4 structure and subjecting the resulting adduct to diesterification with at least one alcohol having 1 to 27 carbon atoms and whereby the acid value owing to the carboxyl group or the carboxylic anhydride group of the resulting modified polymer being made not more than 10.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of .alpha.-olefin dimers which comprises dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin with a Ziegler type catalyst comprising a nickel compound and an organo-aluminum compound, and then continuing the reaction with addition of at least one compound, prior to deactivation of said catalyst, which is selected from the group consisting of the following organo-halogen compounds of the formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV), ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 to X.sup.11 are the same or different and are each a halogen or hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one of them in each formula is a halogen atom, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A resin for coatings, particularly useful as a medium for printing inks and paints, comprising a modified polymer produced by adding at least one .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof to at least one liquid conjugated diolefinic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 3,000, a viscosity of 2 to 5,000 cps at 30.degree. C. and at least 50% of cis-1,4 structure and subjecting the resulting adduct to imidation or diamidation with at least one amine having 1 to 27 carbon atoms and whereby the total amine value of the resulting modified polymer being made not more than 3.

Abstract: A process for production of a polymer emulsion comprising polymerizing at least one partially esterified, imidated or amidated product of an adduct with a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group and a hydroxy group, epoxy group or amino group, in an aqueous system in the presence or absence of a vinyl monomer, said adduct being produced by adding an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a synthetic unsaturated polymer having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 30,000 and an iodine value of 50 to 500, a natural drying oil, a natural semidrying oil and an unsaturated fatty acid which composes the natural drying or semidrying oils. The polymer emulsion shows excellent coating film properties when used for paints.

Abstract: A process for production of the maleic anhydride adduct of a liquid polymer having a maleic anhydride addition amount of 2 to 70% by weight, which comprises reacting a liquid polymer having a molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 and a viscosity of 2 to 50,000 cp at 30.degree. C. in the presence of at least one compound, as a gelation inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, thiazoles, metallic salts of mercaptothiazoles, urea derivatives, naphthylamines, nitrosamines, iron, iron compounds and specific halogen compounds, said liquid polymer being selected from the group consisting of liquid polybutadienes, liquid polyisoprenes and liquid copolymers comprising units of butadiene or isoprene and units of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of other diolefins, olefins and aromatic vinyl compounds.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing lower .alpha.-olefins using a catalyst comprising (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of organic acid salts of nickel, inorganic acid salts of nickel and complexes of nickel, (B) a trialkyl aluminum, (C) at least one phosphorus-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tri-valent phosphorus compounds represented by the formulae: (I) PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, (II) (R.sub.2.sup.1 N).sub.n PR.sub.3-n.sup.2 and (III) (R.sup.1 O).sub.n PR.sub.3-n.sup.2 (in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 1 to 3), and (D) a halogenated phenol of the formula (IV), ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4 and X.sub.5 are each a halogen or hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group and at least one of them is a halogen atom.

Abstract: Synthetic saturated oils useful as materials for lubricating oils and cosmetics and prepared by hydrogenation of low molecular weight polyisoprene having the 1,4 structure of at least 70% in the main chains and a number average molecular weight of about 290 to 3,000.

Abstract: A sulfonated product of butadiene or isoprene oligomer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' is hydrogen or methyl and another one is hydrogen; R.sub.2 ' is hydrogen or methyl; one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is --SO.sub.3 M and another one is hydrogen; a and b are each an integer satisfying the conditions; n = a + b, 2 < n < 40 and 0 < b; M is hydrogen, Na, K, Li or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 ; and R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which has specific properties, particularly excellent hard water resistance, and is useful for various utilities, for instance, as a surfactant, emulsifier, or the like, and a process for the production of the sulfonated product.

Abstract: An aqueous alkyd resin obtained by the neutralization of a polycondensation resin with a base, the polycondensation resin being prepared by reacting a reaction mixture obtained by the transesterification or esterification of (a) a natural fat and oil or a fatty acid with a polyhydric alcohol with an adduct of (b) a liquid polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 900, a viscosity of 2 to 80 cps. at 30.degree. C and at least 50% of the cis-1,4 structure with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof, and/or the half-ester of said adduct, and with (c) an aromatic polycarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof, and the polycondensation resin having free carboxyl groups in the amount corresponding to an acid value of 30 to 70 and containing 5 to 50% by weight of the component (b). This alkyd shows excellent coating film properties when used for water-base paints, printing inks and the like.

Abstract: A process for production of the maleic anhydride adduct of a liquid polymer having a maleic anhydride addition amount of 2 to 70% by weight, which comprises reacting a liquid polymer having a molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 and a viscosity of 2 to 50,000 cp at 30.degree. C in the presence of at least one compound, as a gelation inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, thiazoles, metallic salts of mercaptothiazoles, urea derivatives, naphthylamines, nitrosamines, iron, iron compounds and specific halogen compounds, said liquid polymer being selected from the group consisting of liquid polybutadienes, liquid polyisoprenes and liquid copolymers comprising units of butadiene or isoprene and units of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of other diolefins, olefins and aromatic vinyl compounds.

Abstract: Synthetic saturated oils useful as materials for lubricating oils and cosmetics and prepared by hydrogenation of low molecular weight polyisoprene having the 1,4 structure of at least 70% in the main chains and a number average molecular weight of about 150 to 3,000.

Abstract: Process for producing liquid polymer which comprises polymerizing a conjugated diene or copolymerizing a conjugated diene with an aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of 0.01 to 100 mol of ethylene and/or propylene to 1 mol of the conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:1. at least one nickel compound and2.a. an alkylaluminum halide orb. a combination of (b.sub.1) at least one organometallic compound and (b.sub.2) at least one halogen compound, and optionally as the third component3. (a') a phosphorus compound, (b') a nitrogen compound, (c') ethers, or (d') a sulfur compound.