Abstract: In a vehicle communication system, a first identifier is uniquely assigned to at least one function for vehicle control, the at least one function is installed in at least one of a plurality of control units. An identifying unit identifies that a target function uniquely assigned with a target identifier is installed in which of the control units based on the first identifier and the target identifier.

Abstract: A vehicle diagnostic system is provided for readily specifying a malfunctioning portion of a vehicle. An on-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) stores data ID retrieval tables consisting of a plurality of retrieval codes which are classified into three, i.e. function IDs indicative of function, forced driving IDs for allowing the ECU to forcedly drive an object to be controlled, and diagnostic codes indicative of types of malfunction. In the tables, data IDs are recorded being correlated to the retrieval codes. A diagnostic tool provided outside the vehicle transmits an inputted retrieval code to the ECU, which then searches through the tables to retrieve a data ID corresponding to the code for transmission to the diagnostic tool. The diagnostic tool then transmits the data ID to the ECU as a data demand. In response, the ECU transmits a data corresponding to the data ID for display on the diagnostic tool.

Abstract: In a vehicle communication system, a first identifier is uniquely assigned to at least one function for vehicle control, the at least one function is installed in at least one of a plurality of control units. An identifying unit identifies that a target function uniquely assigned with a target identifier is installed in which of the control units based on the first identifier and the target identifier.

Abstract: An electronic control apparatus is designed to perform an engine control program in an object-oriented programming manner. A first type message, which does not contain a count value generated as a result of execution of a method of an object, is stored in a message storage unit. At the time that execution of the method is completed, the stored first type message is read out and a method of the object corresponding to the destination of the message is executed. A timer message, which contains a count value generated as a result of execution of the method of the object, is stored in another storage unit. The count value (timer counter) of the timer message in the other storage unit is reduced one by one as a result of the process being performed every predetermined time. When the count value of the timer message reaches 0 in the message storage unit the message is re-stored as a first type message.

Abstract: Alpha-potato starch with a quality suitable for use as a binder in feeds for fish can be produced by first adjusting the electrical conductivity of a potato starch slurry, then thermal gelatinizing and dehydrating the same.