Abstract: A chip-less RFID system, using metamaterial, may include a tag and a reader. The tag may include the metamaterial. The metamaterial may have at least two resonance frequencies. The reader may change a frequency of a first electromagnetic wave to be transmitted to the tag. The reader may recognize an identification (ID) of the tag by receiving a second electromagnetic wave from the tag that corresponds to the first electromagnetic wave. An identification method of chip-less RFID systems, using metamaterial, may include creating a tag that includes the metamaterial, the metamaterial having different resonance frequencies, changing a frequency of a first electromagnetic wave to be transmitted to the tag by a reader, and analyzing a frequency spectrum of a second electromagnetic wave from the tag that corresponds to the first electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a semiconductor module may include a test shelf, test modules and a transfer robot. The test shelf may include multilayered test cells in which a plurality of test cells may be arranged in each of a plurality of layers. The test modules may be each provided in the test cells. The transfer robot may insert the semiconductor module into the test module. The transfer robot may separate the semiconductor module from the test module.

Abstract: A reception line break detection apparatus includes a transmission-side line drive, a reception line, a switching element, and a reception-side line receiver receiving signals transmitted from the transmission-side line drive through the reception line. The apparatus further includes a break detection unit detecting a break of the reception line using the switching element, where the switching element is switched according to a line voltage of lead-in wires branched off from the reception line. Accordingly, the apparatus includes fewer components than conventional apparatuses and fewer power sources are required.

Abstract: A reception line break detection apparatus includes a transmission-side line drive, a reception line, a switching element, and a reception-side line receiver receiving signals transmitted from the transmission-side line drive through the reception line. The apparatus further includes a break detection unit detecting a break of the reception line using the switching element, where the switching element is switched according to a line voltage of lead-in wires branched off from the reception line. Accordingly, the apparatus includes fewer components than conventional apparatuses and fewer power sources are required.