Abstract: Discussed is a battery pack that can effectively suppress a fire even when high-temperature gas or sparks are generated in some battery modules. The battery pack may include at least one battery module having at least one secondary battery and configured to store and release energy, a duct provided to at least one side of the at least one battery module and configured discharge hole configured to discharge a gas generated from the at least one battery module, when the generated gas flows toward the discharge hole, and an opening/closing member located at the discharge hole of the duct and configured to open the discharge hole when an internal pressure of the duct is at or above a predetermined level and to close the discharge hole when the internal pressure of the duct is at or below the predetermined level.

Abstract: A differential transmission line having a switch may comprise: a first transmission line comprising a first distribution element having a first impedance; a second transmission line comprising a second distribution element having a second impedance; and a first switch block connected between a first end of the first transmission line and a first end of the second transmission line, wherein the first switch block comprises a first switch connected in series to the first end of the first transmission line, a second switch connected in series to the first end of the second transmission line, a first-cross capacitor connected between a first terminal of the first switch and a second terminal of the second switch, and a second cross-capacitor connected between a first terminal of the second switch and a second terminal of the first switch.

Abstract: A battery module effectively suppresses a fire even when high-temperature gas or sparks are generated therein due to thermal propagation. The battery module includes a cell assembly configured such that secondary batteries having electrode leads are stacked in at least one direction; a module case configured to accommodate the cell assembly in an inner space thereof; a bus bar assembly located on at least one side of the module case and including a module bus bar made of an electrically conductive material and electrically connected to the electrode leads of the cell assembly and a bus bar housing configured so that the module bus bar is placed thereon and having a slot through which the electrode lead passes; and a blocking member located at the slot of the bus bar housing to close at least a portion of the slot by transforming a shape thereof when heat is applied thereto.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery module that may include a cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are vertically stacked, a module housing in which the cell stack is accommodated, a bus bar frame assembly covering an opening portion on a side of the module housing in a longitudinal direction of the module housing, and a fire-proof sheet assembly between the bus bar frame assembly and the cell stack and coupled to the bus bar frame assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for modulation of a variable binary offset carrier (VBOC) having a discrete time-variant frequency and a satellite navigation signal generator using the same. The method for modulation of a VBOC having a discrete time-variant frequency may comprise: generating navigation message data; generating a carrier; generating a VBOC subcarrier; generating a pseudo-random code; synthesizing the pseudo code and the VBOC subcarrier; and synthesizing a synthesized signal of the pseudo code and the VBOC subcarrier, the carrier, and the navigation message data.

Abstract: A computing device determines a bandwidth parameter value for outlier detection or data classification. A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A tolerance value is computed based on a number of observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of observation vectors and the tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the mean pairwise distance value and the scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a support vector data description model using the observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier or for classifying the new observation vector.

Abstract: A computing device employs machine learning and determines a bandwidth parameter value for a support vector data description (SVDD). A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of the plurality of observation vectors and a predefined tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the computed mean pairwise distance value and the computed scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a SVDD model using the plurality of observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the defined a set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier.

Abstract: A computing device determines a bandwidth parameter value for outlier detection or data classification. A mean pairwise distance value is computed between observation vectors. A tolerance value is computed based on a number of observation vectors. A scaling factor value is computed based on a number of observation vectors and the tolerance value. A Gaussian bandwidth parameter value is computed using the mean pairwise distance value and the scaling factor value. An optimal value of an objective function is computed that includes a Gaussian kernel function that uses the computed Gaussian bandwidth parameter value. The objective function defines a support vector data description model using the observation vectors to define a set of support vectors. The Gaussian bandwidth parameter value and the set of support vectors are output for determining if a new observation vector is an outlier or for classifying the new observation vector.

Abstract: A signal processing method for ultra-fast acquisition and tracking of severely attenuated spread spectrum signals with Doppler frequency and apparatus thereof are disclosed herein. The signal processing method may include a step of searching for at least one receiving signal from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning signals or Spread Spectrum signals in a signal processing device, wherein the step of searching for at least one received signal includes a sparse Doppler frequency search (SDFS) step performing signal search for respective sparse Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a first interval, and a synthesized Doppler frequency testing (SDFT) step performing signal search for respective synthesized Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a second interval between the sparse Doppler frequencies, the second interval being shorter than the first interval.

Abstract: A computing device determines an SVDD to identify an outlier in a dataset. First and second sets of observation vectors of a predefined sample size are randomly selected from a training dataset. First and second optimal values are computed using the first and second observation vectors to define a first set of support vectors and a second set of support vectors. A third optimal value is computed using the first set of support vectors updated to include the second set of support vectors to define a third set of support vectors. Whether or not a stop condition is satisfied is determined by comparing a computed value to a stop criterion. When the stop condition is not satisfied, the first set of support vectors is defined as the third set of support vectors, and operations are repeated until the stop condition is satisfied. The third set of support vectors is output.

Abstract: A computing device determines an SVDD to identify an outlier in a dataset. First and second sets of observation vectors of a predefined sample size are randomly selected from a training dataset. First and second optimal values are computed using the first and second observation vectors to define a first set of support vectors and a second set of support vectors. A third optimal value is computed using the first set of support vectors updated to include the second set of support vectors to define a third set of support vectors. Whether or not a stop condition is satisfied is determined by comparing a computed value to a stop criterion. When the stop condition is not satisfied, the first set of support vectors is defined as the third set of support vectors, and operations are repeated until the stop condition is satisfied. The third set of support vectors is output.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium is configured to determine a support vector data description (SVDD). For each of a plurality of values for a kernel parameter, an optimal value of an objective function defined for an SVDD model using a kernel function, a read plurality of data points, and a respective value for the kernel parameter is computed to define a plurality of sets of support vectors. A plurality of first derivative values are computed for the objective function as a difference between the computed optimal values associated with successive values for the kernel parameter. A plurality of second derivative values are computed for the objective function as a difference between the computed plurality of first derivative values associated with successive values for the kernel parameter. A kernel parameter value is selected where the computed plurality of second derivative values first exceeds zero.

Abstract: A signal processing method for ultra-fast acquisition and tracking of severely attenuated spread spectrum signals with Doppler frequency and apparatus thereof are disclosed herein. The signal processing method may include a step of searching for at least one receiving signal from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning signals or Spread Spectrum signals in a signal processing device, wherein the step of searching for at least one received signal includes a sparse Doppler frequency search (SDFS) step performing signal search for respective sparse Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a first interval, and a synthesized Doppler frequency testing (SDFT) step performing signal search for respective synthesized Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a second interval between the sparse Doppler frequencies, the second interval being shorter than the first interval.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for use in wireless networks to provide and/or otherwise support peer-to-peer positioning operations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for use in wireless networks to provide and/or otherwise support peer-to-peer positioning operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light emitting diode (LED) driving device for driving a multi-channel LED element or an LED array for each channel, the LED driving device including: a constant current driver driving currents flowing in each channel; a first switching unit selectively feeding-back voltage levels of each channel; and a switching controller controlling the turn on/off of the first switching unit, wherein matching characteristics of currents flowing in each channel is improved and a size of an integrated circuit (IC) chip is also reduced as compared to a case according to the related art, thereby making it possible to reduce a production cost and satisfy the trend of miniaturization of the chip, while solving a performance deterioration problem due to degradation of the matching of the currents between the channels.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for frequency and/or timing synchronization of a small base station with a network. In one example, small base station may be configured to detect a macro signal of a macro base station, and set a frequency reference based at least in part on the macro signal, in response to the macro signal being available in a different band than that for the small base station. The small base station may be configured to set the frequency reference based at least in part on a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal, in response to detecting that the different band macro signal is not available.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided which may be adapted for use in and/or with mobile device positioning systems and/or the like. In an example, a method may include accessing a plurality of measurements associated with a plurality of location signals as received by the mobile device from at least a first portion of a plurality of transmitters. The method may include dynamically establishing at least one location signal transmission parameter based, at least in part, on the plurality of measurements. The location signal transmission parameter(s) may be adapted for use by at least a second portion of the plurality of transmitters to operatively initiate subsequent transmission of an additional plurality of location signals adapted to be received by the mobile device.

Abstract: Mobile station positioning is implemented using various methods and devices. According to one example embodiment of the present invention, an azimuth angle estimation of the location of a mobile station is accomplished using a radio-signal processing apparatus. The azimuth angle is estimated with respect to a nearby base station that covers a service area using common sectorization via multiple directional antennas respectively transmitting at different azimuth angles. The apparatus has a memory for storing information that associates directional sector antennas of the nearby base station and expected antenna radiation gains in the common sectorization service area corresponding to locations relative to the nearby base station.

Abstract: Techniques are provided which may be implemented in various methods and apparatuses to allow an electronic device to determine when it transitions between certain environments which may be perceived, for example, from observations associated with wireless signals transmitted by a wireless communication network. In response to an environment transition determination, the techniques further allow for one or more positioning functions to be operatively affected in some manner.