Abstract: An image encoding apparatus includes an annexed data obtainer configured to obtain annexed data that is annexed to image data and that is to be transmitted along with the image data; an annexed image data obtainer configured to convert the obtained annexed data and obtain annexed image data having a same format as that of the image data; and an encoder configured to obtain transmission image data based on the annexed image data and the image data and encode the transmission image data according to a first codec.

Abstract: A method of decoding motion information according to an embodiment includes: obtaining information indicating a disparity distance for determining a prediction motion vector of a current block; scaling the disparity distance corresponding to the obtained information, based on a comparison result between a base pixel unit and a smallest pixel unit indicatable by a motion vector of the current block; determining a prediction motion vector candidate changed by the scaled disparity distance from a base motion vector of the current block from among one or more prediction motion vector candidates as the prediction motion vector of the current block; and determining the motion vector of the current block by using the prediction motion vector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for decoding motion information, according to one embodiment, comprising the steps of: determining a basic motion vector of a current block; determining, on the basis of information obtained from a bitstream, a primary differential motion vector for the current block, among at least one of primary differential motion vector candidates classified according to a disparity distance and a disparity direction; and applying the primary differential motion vector to the basic motion vector so as to determine a motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, the video decoding method including: determining prediction mode information of a current block and an index indicating a prediction candidate, from a bitstream; determining a prediction candidate list according to the prediction mode information; when the prediction mode information of the current block indicates a pre-set prediction mode, determining a motion vector indicated by the index indicating the prediction candidate from the prediction candidate list, and determining a prediction motion vector of the current block based on at least one of pieces of motion prediction information related to the motion vector; and determining a motion vector of the current block based on the prediction motion vector, wherein the pre-set prediction mode is a prediction mode different from a skip mode and a merge mode.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, the video decoding method including: determining prediction mode information of a current block and an index indicating a prediction candidate, from a bitstream; determining a prediction candidate list according to the prediction mode information; when the prediction mode information of the current block indicates a pre-set prediction mode, determining a motion vector indicated by the index indicating the prediction candidate from the prediction candidate list, and determining a prediction motion vector of the current block based on at least one of pieces of motion prediction information related to the motion vector; and determining a motion vector of the current block based on the prediction motion vector, wherein the pre-set prediction mode is a prediction mode different from a skip mode and a merge mode.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, the video decoding method including: determining prediction mode information of a current block and an index indicating a prediction candidate, from a bitstream; determining a prediction candidate list according to the prediction mode information; when the prediction mode information of the current block indicates a pre-set prediction mode, determining a motion vector indicated by the index indicating the prediction candidate from the prediction candidate list, and determining a prediction motion vector of the current block based on at least one of pieces of motion prediction information related to the motion vector; and determining a motion vector of the current block based on the prediction motion vector, wherein the pre-set prediction mode is a prediction mode different from a skip mode and a merge mode.

Abstract: A motion vector encoding apparatus includes: a predictor configured to obtain motion vector predictor candidates of a plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions by using a spatial candidate block and a temporal candidate block of a current block, and to determine motion vector predictor of the current block, a motion vector of the current block, and a motion vector resolution of the current block by using the motion vector predictor candidates; and an encoder configured to encode information representing the motion vector predictor of the current block, a residual motion vector between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block, and information representing the motion vector resolution of the current block, wherein the plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions include a resolution of a pixel unit that is greater than a resolution of one-pel unit.

Abstract: A motion vector encoding apparatus includes: a predictor configured to obtain motion vector predictor candidates of a plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions by using a spatial candidate block and a temporal candidate block of a current block, and to determine motion vector predictor of the current block, a motion vector of the current block, and a motion vector resolution of the current block by using the motion vector predictor candidates; and an encoder configured to encode information representing the motion vector predictor of the current block, a residual motion vector between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block, and information representing the motion vector resolution of the current block, wherein the plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions include a resolution of a pixel unit that is greater than a resolution of one-pel unit.

Abstract: A multi-view video prediction method and a multi-view video prediction restoring method. The multi-view video prediction method includes generating a base layer image stream including residual values of I-picture base view key pictures and base view images of a base view by performing inter prediction between the base view images; and generating an enhancement layer image stream comprising residual values of additional view images of an additional view by performing inter-view prediction for predicting the additional view images with reference to the base view images, performing inter prediction for predicting a different additional view key picture with reference to an additional view key picture from among the additional view images, and performing inter prediction for predicting an additional view image other than the additional view key picture with reference to the additional view images.

Abstract: A motion vector encoding apparatus includes: a predictor configured to obtain motion vector predictor candidates of a plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions by using a spatial candidate block and a temporal candidate block of a current block, and to determine motion vector predictor of the current block, a motion vector of the current block, and a motion vector resolution of the current block by using the motion vector predictor candidates; and an encoder configured to encode information representing the motion vector predictor of the current block, a residual motion vector between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block, and information representing the motion vector resolution of the current block, wherein the plurality of predetermined motion vector resolutions include a resolution of a pixel unit that is greater than a resolution of one-pel unit.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, the video decoding method including: determining prediction mode information of a current block and an index indicating a prediction candidate, from a bitstream; determining a prediction candidate list according to the prediction mode information; when the prediction mode information of the current block indicates a pre-set prediction mode, determining a motion vector indicated by the index indicating the prediction candidate from the prediction candidate list, and determining a prediction motion vector of the current block based on at least one of pieces of motion prediction information related to the motion vector; and determining a motion vector of the current block based on the prediction motion vector, wherein the pre-set prediction mode is a prediction mode different from a skip mode and a merge mode.

Abstract: An image encoding method and an image decoding method, and an image encoder and an image decoder, are provided. The image encoding method includes detecting a static region and a motion region of an image, calculating an encoding error in the image, calculating a film grain noise (FGN) error in the motion region, and encoding the image to reduce an encoding error in the image other than the FGN error.

Abstract: A video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for performing the methods thereof are provided. The video encoding method includes: determining a region in a current image having a change in at least one of a scale and an angle with respect to a reference image; generating variation information representing a variation in at least one of the scale and the angle between the region in the current image and a reference region in the reference image corresponding to the region in the current image; and encoding residual information representing a difference between a predicted sample value from the reference image and a sample value of the current image based on the generated variation information.

Abstract: Provided are video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes obtaining a parallel processing syntax indicating a parallel processing type that is applied to a second data unit of a lower level from a first data unit header of an upper level, obtaining a parallel processing flag indicating whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit from a second data unit header, and determining whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit based on the obtained parallel processing flag.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding the depth map of multi-view video data are provided. The method includes splitting a block of restored multi-view color video frame into a partition based on a pixel value of the block of the prediction-encoded and restored multi-view color video frame; obtaining a parameter indicating correlation between block partitions of the multi-view color video frame and block partitions of the depth map frame using peripheral pixel values of the block partitions of the multi-view color video frame and peripheral pixel values of the block partitions of the depth map frame corresponding to the block partitions of the multi-view color video frame with respect to each of the block partitions of the restored multi-view color video frame; and obtaining prediction values of corresponding block partitions of the depth map frame from the block partitions of the restored multi-view color video frame using the obtained parameter.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus includes an annexed data obtainer configured to obtain annexed data that is annexed to image data and that is to be transmitted along with the image data; an annexed image data obtainer configured to convert the obtained annexed data and obtain annexed image data having a same format as that of the image data; and an encoder configured to obtain transmission image data based on the annexed image data and the image data and encode the transmission image data according to a first codec.

Abstract: An image encoding method and an image decoding method, and an image encoder and an image decoder, are provided. The image encoding method includes detecting a static region and a motion region of an image, calculating an encoding error in the image, calculating a film grain noise (FGN) error in the motion region, and encoding the image to reduce an encoding error in the image other than the FGN error.

Abstract: A video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for performing the methods thereof are provided. The video encoding method includes: determining a region in a current image having a change in at least one of a scale and an angle with respect to a reference image; generating variation information representing a variation in at least one of the scale and the angle between the region in the current image and a reference region in the reference image corresponding to the region in the current image; and encoding residual information representing a difference between a predicted sample value from the reference image and a sample value of the current image based on the generated variation information.

Abstract: Provided are video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes obtaining a parallel processing syntax indicating a parallel processing type that is applied to a second data unit of a lower level from a first data unit header of an upper level, obtaining a parallel processing flag indicating whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit from a second data unit header, and determining whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit based on the obtained parallel processing flag.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus and a video decoding method and apparatus using unified syntax for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes: obtaining a first data unit parallel processing flag indicating whether parallel processable data is included in a first data unit from a first data unit header including encoding information of the first data unit that constitutes video included in a bitstream; determining whether parallel processable data is included in the first data unit based on the first data unit parallel processing flag; and when it is determined that parallel processable data is included in the first data unit, obtaining a second data unit parallel processing flag indicating whether parallel processable data is included in a second data unit whose level is lower than a level of the first data unit from a second data unit header including encoding information of the second data unit.