Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and its production method useful for developing drugs/vaccines and/or therapies against a variety of degenerative diseases in humans. Particularly, the present invention teaches the essential steps of production and purification processes necessary for producing small hairpin-like RNA (shRNA) compositions, such as microRNA precursors (pre-miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA), which are useful for treating human ageing related diseases, such as, but not limited, Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancers. The novelty of the present invention is to create an artificially enhanced adaptation environment for prokaryotic cells to adopt eukaryotic pol-2 and/or pol-2-like promoters for transcribing desired ncRNAs and/or their precursors without going through error-prone prokaryotic promoters, so as to improve the productive efficiency and reading fidelity of the shRNA transcription in the prokaryotic cells.

Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding microRNAs are naturally transcribed by type II RNA polymerases (pol-2) but not prokaryotic RNA polymerases. As a result, current eukaryotic RNA and protein production is performed either using eukaryotic pol-2 promoters in hybridomas or mammalian cells or using prokaryotic promoters in bacterial cells. However, because prokaryotic RNA transcription tends to be error-prone, frequent mutation is a big problem. Also, growing hybridomas or mammalian cells is relatively laborious and costly. To overcome these problems, the present invention provides a novel inducible composition and method for producing eukaryotic RNAs and/or their related peptides/proteins directly using eukaryotic pol-2 promoter-driven gene expression in fast growing bacteria, without the need of changing to prokaryotic promoters or growing hybridomas/mammalian cells.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and method of using recombinant microRNAs (miRNA) and their hairpin-like precursors (pre-miRNA) as therapeutic drugs for treating Alzheimer's diseases (AD). More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of man-made miRNA miR-302 precursors (pre-miR-302) for AD therapy in humans. These pre-miR-302 molecules can be mass produced in prokaryotes as a form of DNA expression-competent DNA vectors and/or hairpin-like RNAs. As prokaryotic cells do not transcribe or process hairpin-like RNAs, the present invention also teaches a method for expressing pre-miRNAs in prokaryotes, i.e. pro-miRNA, using a novel hairpin-like RNA transcription mechanism newly found in prokaryotes.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and method of using mam-made small RNAs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNA) and their hairpin-like precursors (pre-miRNA), as tumor suppressing anti-cancer drugs for treating human tumors and cancers, in particular, but not limited, for treating skin (melanoma), blood (leukemia), prostate, breast, liver and lung cancers as well as various neoplastic tumors, such as brain tumors and teratocarcinomas that contain a variety of tumorous and cancerous cells derived from all three germ layers of tissues, including ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of miR-302-like siRNA (siR-302) and/or miR-302 precursors (pre-miR-302) for developing novel medicines and therapies against a variety of human cancers, in particular lung cancers.

Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding microRNAs are naturally transcribed by type II RNA polymerases (pol-2) but not prokaryotic RNA polymerases. As a result, current eukaryotic RNA and protein production is performed either using eukaryotic pol-2 promoters in hybridomas or mammalian cells or using prokaryotic promoters in bacterial cells. However, because prokaryotic RNA transcription tends to be error-prone, frequent mutation is a big problem. Also, growing hybridomas or mammalian cells is relatively laborious and costly. To overcome these problems, the present invention provides a novel inducible composition and method for producing eukaryotic RNAs and/or their related peptides/proteins directly using eukaryotic pol-2 promoter-driven gene expression in fast growing bacteria, without the need of changing to prokaryotic promoters or growing hybridomas/mammalian cells.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a method for developing, generating and selecting human embryonic stem (hES)-like pluripotent cells using transgenic expression of intronic microRNA-like RNA agents. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and composition for generating a non-naturally occurring intron and its intronic components capable of being processed into mir-302-like RNA molecules in mammalian cells and thus inducing certain specific gene silencing effects on differentiation-related and fate-determinant genes of the cells, resulting in reprogramming the cells into a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES)-cell-like state. The ES-like cells so obtained are strongly express hES cell markers, such as Oct3/4, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, and can be guided into various tissue cell types by treating certain hormones and/or growth factors under a feeder-free cell culture condition in vitro, which may be used for transplantation and gene therapies.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a design and method for developing novel anti-tumor and/or anti-cancer drugs, vaccines and therapies, using microRNA and/or its shRNA homologues/mimics/derivatives. More specifically, the present invention relates to an use of a prokaryote-produced miRNA precursor (pro-miRNA) composition capable of being delivered into human cells and processed by the cells into mature miRNA effectors to elicit specific silencing effects on mir-302-targeted genes, subsequently leading to a beneficial result of tumor suppression and cancer therapy. The prokaryotic cells do not naturally express or process eukaryotic miRNA precursors (pre-miRNA); meanwhile, the present invention also teaches an inducible method for expressing pre-miRNAs, particularly mir-302 precursors by using the prokaryotic transcription system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and composition for generating a non-naturally occurring intron and its components capable of being processed into small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and/or microRNA (miRNA) molecules by skin cells and thus inducing specific gene silencing effects on skin pigment-related genes and/or aging-causing genes in the cells. The gene silencing effects so obtained are not only useful for lightening and whitening skin colors but also useful for suppressing unwanted aging gene activities in skins.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and its production method useful for developing drugs/vaccines and/or therapies against a variety of degenerative diseases in humans. Particularly, the present invention teaches the essential steps of production and purification processes necessary for producing small hairpin-like RNA (shRNA) compositions, such as microRNA precursors (pre-miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA), which are useful for treating human ageing related diseases, such as, but not limited, Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancers. The novelty of the present invention is to create an artificially enhanced adaptation environment for prokaryotic cells to adopt eukaryotic pol-2 and/or pol-2-like promoters for transcribing desired ncRNAs and/or their precursors without going through error-prone prokaryotic promoters, so as to improve the productive efficiency and reading fidelity of the shRNA transcription in the prokaryotic cells.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a design and method for developing novel anti-tumor and/or anti-cancer drugs, vaccines and therapies, using microRNA and/or its shRNA homologs/mimics/derivatives. More specifically, the present invention relates to an use of a prokaryote-produced miRNA precursor (pro-miRNA) composition capable of being delivered into human cells and processed by the cells into mature miRNA effectors to elicit specific silencing effects on mir-302-targeted genes, subsequently leading to a beneficial result of tumor suppression and cancer therapy. The prokaryotic cells do not naturally express or process eukaryotic miRNA precursors (pre-miRNA); meanwhile, the present invention also teaches an inducible method for expressing pre-miRNAs, particularly mir-302 precursors by using the prokaryotic transcription system.

Abstract: This invention is related to a novel sugar-like chemical composition and its use for diabetes therapy. Particularly, the present invention teaches the use of monosaccharide-like glycylated sugar alcohol compounds to block or reduce sugar absorption in diabetes patients, so as to prevent the risk of hyperglycemia symptoms. Glycylation of sugar alcohols is a totally novel reaction that has never been reported before. Therefore, the novelty of the present invention is that for the first time glycylated sugar alcohols not only was found but also was found to be useful for treating Diabetes mellitus. In addition, the present invention teaches a method for producing these glycylated sugar alcohols. In sum, the present invention includes not only a kind of novel sugar-like chemical compositions and its use for treating diabetes but also a state-of-the-art protocol and methodology for producing such a novel composition via glycylation of sugars and sugar alcohols.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition for developing novel anti-cancer drugs and/or vaccines and producing microRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) and/or its shRNA homologs/mimics/derivatives, and a method thereof. The present invention also relates to a use of a composition in producing novel prokaryote-produced microRNA precursor (pro-miRNA) capable of being delivered into human cells and processed by the cells into microRNA-like effectors to elicit specific silencing effects on certain targeted oncogenes, subsequently leading to a therapeutic result of tumor suppression and cancer therapy. Specifically, the method of the present invention includes inducing an expression of the pre-miRNA/pro-miRNAs, particularly human pre-miR-302, in prokaryotes through pol-2 or pol-2-like RNA promoter.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a design and method for developing novel anti-tumor/cancer drugs, vaccines and therapies, using microRNA (miRNA) and its shRNA homologues/derivatives. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid composition capable of expressing mir-302-like gene silencing effectors upon delivery into human cells and then silencing mir-302-targeted cell cycle regulators and oncogenes, resulting in an inhibitory effect on tumor/cancer cell growth and metastasis. Mir-302 is the most predominant miRNA found in human embryonic stem (hES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, yet its function is unclear. The present invention establishes that in humans mir-302 concurrently suppressed both cyclin-E-CDK2 and cyclin-D-CDK4/6 pathways and eventually blocked over 70% of the G1-S transition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and its use for formulating nucleic acid-based drugs/vaccines with sugar alcohol compositions into complexes for both in-vitro and in-vivo delivery. Particularly, the present invention includes the ingredients and processes necessary for formulating therapeutic and pharmaceutical nucleic acid compositions, such as miRNA, microRNA precursors, shRNAs, siRNAs, ribozymes, antisense RNAs/DNAs, RNA-DNA hybrids and DNA vectors/vaccines, with glycylated sugar alcohols/sugars into delivery complexes, which can then be absorbed by cells in vivo and in vitro via active endocytosis. Also, the present invention discloses that chemical compounds containing sugar alcohol- and/or sugar-like structures can protect nucleic acids, in particular miRNAs, shRNAs, siRNAs and ribozymes, from degradation in vivo as well as in vitro.

Abstract: This invention is related to a novel sugar-like chemical composition and its use for diabetes therapy. Particularly, the present invention teaches the use of monosaccharide-like glycylated sugar alcohol compounds to block or reduce sugar absorption in diabetes patients, so as to prevent the risk of hyperglycemia symptoms. Glycylation of sugar alcohols is a totally novel reaction that has never been reported before. Therefore, the novelty of the present invention is that for the first time glycylated sugar alcohols not only was found but also was found to be useful for treating Diabetes mellitus. In addition, the present invention teaches a method for producing these glycylated sugar alcohols. In sum, the present invention includes not only a kind of novel sugar-like chemical compositions and its use for treating diabetes but also a state-of-the-art protocol and methodology for producing such a novel composition via glycylation of sugars and sugar alcohols.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and its production method useful for developing drugs and/or therapies for enhancing wound healing, in particular scarless wound healing. Particularly, the present invention teaches the essential processes necessary for producing and purifying embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific RNA compositions, such as messenger RNAs (mRNA), microRNA precursors (pre-miRNA), and small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), which are useful for treating human diseases and lesions.

Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding microRNAs are naturally transcribed by type II RNA polymerases (pol-2) but not prokaryotic RNA polymerases. As a result, current eukaryotic RNA and protein production is performed either using eukaryotic pol-2 promoters in hybridomas or mammalian cells or using prokaryotic promoters in bacterial cells. However, because prokaryotic RNA transcription tends to be error-prone, frequent mutation is a big problem. Also, growing hybridomas or mammalian cells is relatively laborious and costly. To overcome these problems, the present invention provides a novel inducible composition and method for producing eukaryotic RNAs and/or their related peptides/proteins directly using eukaryotic pol-2 promoter-driven gene expression in fast growing bacteria, without the need of changing to prokaryotic promoters or growing hybridomas/mammalian cells.

Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding microRNAs are naturally transcribed by type II RNA polymerases (pol-2) but not prokaryotic RNA polymerases. As a result, current eukaryotic RNA and protein production is performed either using eukaryotic pol-2 promoters in hybridomas or mammalian cells or using prokaryotic promoters in bacterial cells. However, because prokaryotic RNA transcription tends to be error-prone, frequent mutation is a big problem. Also, growing hybridomas or mammalian cells is relatively laborious and costly. To overcome these problems, the present invention provides a novel inducible composition and method for producing eukaryotic RNAs and/or their related peptides/proteins directly using eukaryotic pol-2 promoter-driven gene expression in fast growing bacteria, without the need of changing to prokaryotic promoters or growing hybridomas/mammalian cells.

Abstract: An isolated RNA comprising an intron RNA that is released in a cell, thereby modulating the function of a target gene. Also disclosed are a composition comprising a chemokine and an isolated RNA of the invention or a DNA template for the isolated RNA, a composition comprising one or more agents that induce RNA-mediated modulation of the functions of two or more target genes in a cell, and methods of using these compositions for modulating the functions of genes in a cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and its use for formulating nucleic acid-based drugs/vaccines with sugar alcohol compositions into complexes for both in-vitro and in-vivo delivery. Particularly, the present invention includes the ingredients and processes necessary for formulating therapeutic and pharmaceutical nucleic acid compositions, such as miRNA, microRNA precursors, shRNAs, siRNAs, ribozymes, antisense RNAs/DNAs, RNA-DNA hybrids and DNA vectors/vaccines, with glycylated sugar alcohols/sugars into delivery complexes, which can then be absorbed by cells in vivo and in vitro via active endocytosis. Also, the present invention discloses that chemical compounds containing sugar alcohol- and/or sugar-like structures can protect nucleic acids, in particular miRNAs, shRNAs, siRNAs and ribozymes, from degradation in vivo as well as in vitro.