Abstract: A control device includes a switching control unit, an information acquisition unit, and a difference acquisition unit. The switching control unit performs switching control that increases braking torque of the braking device while decreasing braking torque of the rotating electrical machine, when a vehicle is decelerated. The information acquisition unit acquires information on a state of the vehicle. The difference acquisition unit acquires a braking torque difference indicating a difference between braking torque required for keeping a stopped state of the vehicle and braking torque of the braking device, when the vehicle is stopped. After the information acquisition unit detects the stopped state of the vehicle, the switching control unit corrects output torque of the rotating electrical machine based on the braking torque difference.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition contains the following ingredients (A), (B) and (C): (A) an oil or fat having a diglyceride content of at least 50 wt %, in which at least 80 wt % of fatty acids constituting diglycerides are unsaturated fatty acids; (B) a mixture of polyglycerol fatty acid esters having an esterification degree of at least 80%, in which from 50 to 95 wt % of fatty acids constituting the polyglycerol fatty acid esters are C14-22 unsaturated fatty acids; and (C) yolk.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acidic oil-in-water emulsified composition with a high diglyceride content, which contains fats and oils containing 30 wt % or more diglycerides and enzyme-treated yolk treated with one or more enzymes selected from esterase, lipase and phospholipase, wherein an antioxidant is contained at 1000 to 10000 ppm relative to an oil phase containing the fats and oils and in a weight ratio of 0.4 to 4.5 relative to the net weight of yolk in the enzyme-treated yolk.

Abstract: Described is an acid oil-in-water emulsified composition comprising an oil phase having a diglycerides content of 30 wt. % or greater and a yolk, wherein a ratio of lysophospholipids to the whole phospholipids is at least 15% in terms of a phosphorus amount. The composition has excellent storage stability, appearance, taste and physical properties even if it contains diglycerides in a high concentration without decreasing the amount of the yolk.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition contains the following ingredients (A), (B) and (C): (A) an oil or fat having a diglyceride content of at least 50 wt %, in which at least 80 wt % of fatty acids constituting diglycerides are unsaturated fatty acids; (B) a mixture of polyglycerol fatty acid esters having an esterification degree of at least 80%, in which from 50 to 95 wt % of fatty acids constituting the polyglycerol fatty acid esters are C14-22 unsaturated fatty acids; and (C) yolk.

Abstract: The invention provides an acidic oil-in-water type emulsion composition which has an oil phase containing at least 20 % by weight of diacylglycerol and 0.5 to 5.0 % by weight of a crystallization inhibitor, and has excellent shelf stability at low temperatures though it contains diacylglycerol at a high concentration, also good in appearance and flavor and useful as a diet or food for improving lipid metabolism.

Abstract: Described is an acid oil-in-water emulsified composition comprising an oil phase having a diglycerides content of 30 wt. % or greater and a yolk, wherein a ratio of lysophospholipids to the whole phospholipids is at least 15% in terms of a phosphorus amount. The composition has excellent storage stability, appearance, taste and physical properties even if it contains diglycerides in a high concentration without decreasing the amount of the yolk.

Abstract: Described is an acid oil-in-water emulsified composition comprising an oil phase having a diglycerides content of 30 wt. % or greater and a yolk, wherein a ratio of lysophospholipids to the whole phospholipids is at least 15% in terms of a phosphorus amount. The composition has excellent storage stability appearance, taste and physical properties even if it contains diglycerides in a high concentration without decreasing the amount of the yolk.

Abstract: The invention provides an acidic oil-in-water type emulsion composition which has an oil phase containing at least 20 % by weight of diacylglycerol and 0.5 to 5.0 % by weight of a crystallization inhibitor, and has excellent shelf stability at low temperatures though it contains diacylglycerol at a high concentration, also good in appearance and flavor and useful as a diet or food for improving lipid metabolism.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element, which splits one input light into a plurality of output lights, has a phase difference distribution P (x) represented by the following equation 1 P ⁡ ( x ) = mod ⁡ [ ∑ j = 2 k ⁢ a j ⁡ ( x ) · mod ⁡ [ P j ⁡ ( x ) - P 1 ⁡ ( x ) + c j , 2 ⁢ π ] + mod ⁡ [ P 1 ⁡ ( x ) + c 1 , 2 ⁢ π ] , 2 ⁢ m ⁢   ⁢ π ]

Abstract: A mesh-connected tree (MCT) interconnect topology network which is a two-dimensional interconnect topology combining aspects of a conventional tree-network and a two-dimensional nearest-neighbor mesh network is implemented as a planar optical interconnect network.

Abstract: An optical connector comprises a series of transparent substrates 50-53 including a refraction type lens 10 embedded in the central substrate 50, two beam deflection elements 40 and 41 offset from the optical axis of the lens 10, a light emitting element 20 directly below the beam deflection element 40, and a light detecting element 30 directly above the beam deflection element 41. The lens 10 is designed to have identical meridional and sagittal focal lengths so that meridional and sagittal images of obliique incident beams may be formed on the same spot on the light detecting element 30. Beam of light emitted from the light emitting element 20 are deflected by the beam deflection element 40 and enters the lens 10 obliquely. The beams, passing through the lens 10 and the deflection element 41 are cllimated within a small spot on the light detecting element 30 since the lens 10 has identical meridional and sagittal focal lengths.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device including multilayer semiconductor device regions formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate which act as an optical device respectively, and diffraction gratings formed on a back of the substrate optically coupled with at least one of said regions through the substrate. The regions have a function such as light emitting, light receiving, light amplification or light switching. The regions and gratings can be respectively formed on the surface and the back, monolithicaly, and polishing of the substrate provides a suitable thickness so that the regions and the gratings may be optically coupled with each other. The regions and gratings may be arranged at the optimum positions in the direction parallel to the substrate. Extremely precise alignment of its components and many channels can be easily obtained with compact size.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for an optical element mounting operation includes a transparent substrate, a light source, an optical element substrate, a measuring unit, a manipulator, and a control unit. At least one positioning lens and an optical system are formed on a surface of the transparent substrate. The light source emits parallel beams which are vertically incident on the transparent substrate. A plurality of optical elements to be positioned with respect to the transparent substrate, and a positioning light-receiving element for receiving light focused by the positioning lens are formed on the optical element substrate. The current measuring unit measures a current flowing in the positioning light-receiving element. The manipulator moves the transparent substrate with respect to the optical element substrate to perform positioning of the former with respect to the latter.

Abstract: In an optical connection device for use in responding to an incident light beam to produce a plurality of output light beams, the incident light beam is incident onto a planar substrate on which a plurality of optical islands which have refraction coefficients different from the planar substrate. The incident light beam travels as an internal light beam within the planar substrate with reflections repeated in the planar substrate and is emitted as output light beams through the optical islands when the internal light beam arrives at the optical islands. Thus, the incident light beam is distributed through the optical islands outside of the planar substrate. If each of optical nodes is located in vicinity of the optical islands and generates the input light beam and receives each of the output light beams, bidirectional communication can be carried out through the planar substrate and the optical islands among the optical nodes.

Abstract: In a photoelectronic interconnection device, N.times.N light emitting elements are arranged on a light emitting plane in a matrix pattern and N.times.N light sensing elements are arranged on a light receiving plane in a matrix pattern corresponding to the light emitting elements. A lens array of p.times.p optical lenses is provided, the lenses being disposed on a common optical plane located so that it is spaced from the light receiving plane at a distance q times greater than its distance to the light emitting plane, where N=pq, the lenses being spaced apart from each other at pitch (pq+1)a/(q+1), and a is a pitch between successive light emitting elements.

Abstract: A matrix of optical functional devices are divided into plural device units. Each of the device units includes at least two optical functional devices having light transmitting coatings. The coatings have transmission factors which are different from each other. Light signals emitted through the coatings from the at least two optical functional devices in each unit are received by a corresponding light receiving device among light receiving devices arranged in a one-dimensional pattern. In each device unit optical functional devices to be driven are selected, so that a coupling degree between each device unit and the corresponding light receiving device is changed.

Abstract: Among light emitting and sensitive element pairs arranged along rows and columns of a matrix in each of first and second layers of an optical computer operable as a neural network with one-to-one correspondence kept between the pairs in the first layer and the pairs in the second layer, the light emitting elements and the light sensitive elements are connected along the rows in the first layer and along the columns in the second layer. Optical intensity controlling elements of a panel are placed in optical paths defined by the pairs in the first layer and the pairs which correspond in the second layer to the pairs of the first layer, respectively. When the light emitting element rows are driven, optical beams are emitted by the light emitting elements of the first layer and controlled by the respective controlling elements to have first-layer controlled amounts of light, respectively.

Abstract: A space modulation matrix is composed of semiconductor transmittivity modulation elements arranged in a matrix pattern. A transmittivity of the transmittivity modulation elements is changed by supplying a light or applying a voltage greater than a switching voltage of the transmittivity modulation elements to a selected number of the transmittivity modulation elements, so that a space modulation is provided on the space modulation matrix, and is renewed by any number of times.