Abstract: The composition contains: a compound which has a group represented by formula (1); and a solvent. In the formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and * denotes a bonding site to a part other than the group represented by the following formula (1) in the compound.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase a protein content in milk of a lactating cow. When 5-ALA, an amino acid, or ALAs which are derivatives thereof or salts thereof, are mixed with a feed and administered to a lactating cow without being treated such as coating, a lactation yield remained substantially unchanged but the obtained milk had significantly high proportion (%) of proteins, particularly casein, when compared with milk collected from milk cows who had consumed a conventional feed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase a protein content in milk of a lactating cow. When 5-ALA, an amino acid, or ALAs which are derivatives thereof or salts thereof, are mixed with a feed and administered to a lactating cow without being treated such as coating, a lactation yield remained substantially unchanged but the obtained milk had significantly high proportion (%) of proteins, particularly casein, when compared with milk collected from milk cows who had consumed a conventional feed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing diseases in weaned piglets, which relieves the stress of postweaning piglets and enhances the immunostimulating ability in order to prevent the death due to colibacillosis such as edema disease in postweaning piglets and to increase the rate of raising. Pig diseases such as colibacillosis, particularly diarrhea, can be prevented by administering a Grifola-derived substance selected from one or more of dried Grifola, dried Grifola powder and a Grifola extract to pigs in weaning period, so as to solve the problems of the present invention.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to maintain good conditions of mother pigs and decrease the stillborn piglets and the death rate of piglets in breast-feeding period, so as to increase the productivity in pig farming. In a method for feeding pigs, by administering a Grifola-derived substance selected from one or more of dried Grifola, dried Grifola powder and a Grifola extract to mother pigs, particularly to postpartum mother pigs, good conditions of mother pigs can be maintained and the stillborn piglets and the death rate of piglets in breast-feeding period can decrease. As a result, the productivity in pig farming can increase.

Abstract: A desalination method and apparatus for separating permeate water (WP) from raw water (WF) pressure-fed by a pump (PM) through a reverse osmotic membrane module (U) to discharge concentrated water (WB) from an outlet valve (V2). When the membrane performance of the reverse osmotic membrane module (U) deteriorates due to formation of a gel layer (G). The number of revolutions of a pump driving motor (MO) is reduced and the opening of the outlet valve (V2) is increased, thereby increasing the flow velocity inside the reverse osmotic membrane module (U) so that the gel layer (G) is removed by the raw water (WF). Provided are a number-of-revolutions control means (1) for controlling the number of revolutions of the motor (MO), an opening control means (2) for controlling the opening of the outlet valve (V2) and an operation means (5) for operating the number-of-revolutions control means (1) and the opening control means (2) when the membrane performance of the reverse osmotic membrane module (U) is lowered.

Abstract: A novel control for use with a reverse osmotic treatment system is disclosed. The unit (9) provides the desired flow of product solution from the system by controlling a "single" valve (3) disposed on a secondary line for conveying a concentrated solution coming out of a reverse osmotic apparatus (4). One application of this control unit is in desalination of salt water. Once the desired level of the flow of desalinated water (Q.sub.1) is initially set, the control unit (9) determines automatically the necessary opening (A.sub.v) of the valve in accordance with the performance characteristics (21 to 28) of the components of the desalination system [centrifugal pump (1), reverse osmotic apparatus (4) and the system line]. In response to this determination, the valve develops the desired pressure at the inlet of the reverse osmotic apparatus (4), which then produces desalinated water at a flow rate substantially equal to the initially set value (Q.sub.1).

Abstract: This invention relates to a membrane separator which separates matters with a semipermeable membrane to obtain a dilute solution or a concentrated solution or both. In such a membrane separator, the most economical operation is attained by the condition in which the maximum amount of the desired solution is obtained by the minimum energy, that is, the required energy per unit amount of the solution obtained. Heretofore, the minimum power has been sought at the maximum pressure corresponding to the performance of the semipermeable membrane with the result that the required energy could not be minimized.