Abstract: A substrate holding apparatus which can adjust polishing profile precisely is disclosed. The substrate holding apparatus includes an elastic membrane that forms a plurality of pressure chambers for pressing a substrate, and a head body to which the elastic membrane is coupled. The elastic membrane includes a contact portion to be brought into contact with the substrate for pressing the substrate against a polishing pad, an edge circumferential wall extending upwardly from a peripheral edge of the contact portion, and a plurality of inner circumferential walls arranged radially inwardly of the edge circumferential wall and extending upwardly from the contact portion. At least two adjacent inner circumferential walls of the plurality of inner circumferential walls include slope circumferential walls inclined radially inwardly. The slope circumferential walls are inclined radially inwardly in their entirety from their lower ends to upper ends, and extend upwardly.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin composition may include a first polycarbonate resin and a second polycarbonate resin, which a molded article may include, and a multilayer body may have a resin layer A including the polycarbonate resin composition and a resin layer B including a resin different from the resin layer A. The first polycarbonate resin may include 40% by weight or more of a structural unit of formula (1) The second polycarbonate resin may include less than 40% by weight of the structural unit of formula (1). The weight ratio of the first polycarbonate resin to the second polycarbonate resin, the first polycarbonate resin/the second polycarbonate resin, may be in a range of from 55/45 to 99/1. The polycarbonate resin composition may have two or more glass transition temperatures.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin may have a structural unit of formula (1): wherein A1 to A8 are each independently ?CH— or ?N—, and at least one of A1 to A8 is ?N—. R1 to R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or the like, and at least two adjacent groups out of R1 to R8 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. R9 and R10 are each independently a direct bond or an optionally substituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. X is an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or an optionally substituted amino group. And n is an integer of 0 to 5.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin composition may include a first polycarbonate resin and a second polycarbonate resin, which a molded article may include, and a multilayer body may have a resin layer A including the polycarbonate resin composition and a resin layer B including a resin different from the resin layer A. The first polycarbonate resin may include 40% by weight or more of a structural unit of formula (1) The second polycarbonate resin may include less than 40% by weight of the structural unit of formula (1). The weight ratio of the first polycarbonate resin to the second polycarbonate resin, the first polycarbonate resin/the second polycarbonate resin, may be in a range of from 55/45 to 99/1. The polycarbonate resin composition may have two or more glass transition temperatures.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a retardation film excellent in various properties such as optical properties, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and reliability. The present invention relates to a retardation film containing a thermoplastic resin and composed of a single layer, in which the retardation film has a value of wavelength dispersion that is a ratio of retardations at a wavelength of 450 nm and at a wavelength of 550 nm being 0.75 or more and 0.92 or less; a birefringence at a wavelength of 550 nm and the wavelength dispersion satisfy a relationship of ?n?0.0140×(R450/R550)?0.0082; and a photoelastic coefficient is 25×10?12 Pa?1 or less.

Abstract: The retardation film of the present invention contains a resin having positive refractive index anisotropy and containing at least one bonding group of a carbonate bond and an ester bond and one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (2), in which the value of wavelength dispersion (R450/R550) as a ratio of retardation R450 at a wavelength of 450 nm to retardation R550 at a wavelength of 550 nm is more than 0.5 and less than 1.0: (in formula (1) and formula (2), definitions of R1 to R9 are the same as in the description).

Abstract: The retardation film of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin and is constituted of a single layer. A value of wavelength dispersion (R450/R550) that is a ratio of a retardation R450 at a wavelength of 450 nm and a retardation R550 at a wavelength of 550 nm is 0.70 or more and 0.85 or less; and a photoelastic coefficient is 14×10?12 Pa?1 or less.

Abstract: There is provided an optical laminate that has a conductive layer directly formed on a retardation layer, is extremely thin and has an excellent antireflection function, and further, can realize excellent display characteristics even when it is applied to a bent portion of an image display apparatus. An optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a polarizer; a retardation layer; and a conductive layer, which is directly formed on the retardation layer. The retardation layer has an in-plane retardation Re(550) being from 100 nm to 180 nm and satisfying a relationship of Re(450)<Re(550)<Re(650), and has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 150° C. or more and an absolute value of a photoelastic coefficient of 20×10?12 (m2/N) or less. An angle formed between a slow axis of the retardation layer and an absorption axis of the polarizer is from 35° to 55°.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate resin which is excellent in various properties, such as heat resistance, optical properties, melt processability, etc., and an optical film composed of the same and the present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin containing at least a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2): wherein in the formula (1), R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate resin which is excellent in various properties, such as heat resistance, optical properties, melt processability, etc., and an optical film composed of the same and the present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin containing at least a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2): wherein in the formula (1), R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a retardation film excellent in various properties such as optical properties, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and reliability. The present invention relates to a retardation film containing a thermoplastic resin and composed of a single layer, in which the retardation film has a value of wavelength dispersion that is a ratio of retardations at a wavelength of 450 nm and at a wavelength of 550 nm being 0.75 or more and 0.92 or less; a birefringence at a wavelength of 550 nm and the wavelength dispersion satisfy a relationship of ?n?0.0140×(R450/R550)?0.0082; and a photoelastic coefficient is 25×10?12 Pa?1 or less.

Abstract: The retardation film of the present invention contains a resin having positive refractive index anisotropy and containing at least one bonding group of a carbonate bond and an ester bond and one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (2), in which the value of wavelength dispersion (R450/R550) as a ratio of retardation R450 at a wavelength of 450 nm to retardation R550 at a wavelength of 550 nm is more than 0.5 and less than 1.0: (in formula (1) and formula (2), definitions of R1 to R9 are the same as in the description).

Abstract: The retardation film of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin and is constituted of a single layer. A value of wavelength dispersion (R450/R550) that is a ratio of a retardation R450 at a wavelength of 450 nm and a retardation R550 at a wavelength of 550 nm is 0.70 or more and 0.85 or less; and a photoelastic coefficient is 14×10?12 Pa?1 or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin composition which comprises a polymer having a divalent oligofluorene as a repeating unit therein, wherein the divalent oligofluorene contains at least two fluorene units optionally having a substituent, and the 9-positioned carbon atoms of the fluorene units bond to each other via a direct bond or via an alkylene group optionally having a substituent, an arylene group optionally having a substituent, or an aralkylene group optionally having a substituent, and a ratio of a retardation measured at a wavelength of 450 nm (Re450) to a retardation measured at a wavelength of 550 nm (Re550) satisfies the following formula (2): Re450/Re550?1.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retardation film web having sufficient reversed wavelength dispersion characteristics and favorable for film lamination according to a roll-to-roll system. A retardation film web of the present invention includes a polycarbonate resin or a polyester carbonate resin, an orientation angle ? which is an angle between a slow axis and a width direction satisfies the following formula (I), and a ratio of an in-plane retardation R450 measured at a wavelength of 450 nm to an in-plane retardation R550 measured at a wavelength of 550 nm satisfies the following formula (II): 38°???52°??(I) R450/R550<1??(II).

Abstract: The invention is to provide polycarbonate resins having excellent light resistance, transparency, hue, heat resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength and to provide processes for efficiently and stably producing a polycarbonate resin which stably shows those performances. The invention includes: polycarbonate resins which at least contain structural units derived from a dihydroxy compound having the portion represented by formula (1) as part of the structure thereof and which have specific properties; and processes for producing the polycarbonate resins, where the case where the portion represented by formula (1) is part of —CH2—O—H is excluded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retardation film web having sufficient reversed wavelength dispersion characteristics and favorable for film lamination according to a roll-to-roll system. A retardation film web of the present invention includes a polycarbonate resin or a polyester carbonate resin, an orientation angle ? which is an angle between a slow axis and a width direction satisfies the following formula (I), and a ratio of an in-plane retardation R450 measured at a wavelength of 450 nm to an in-plane retardation R550 measured at a wavelength of 550 nm satisfies the following formula (II): 38°???52°??(I) R450/R550<1??(II).

Abstract: The invention is to provide polycarbonate resins having excellent light resistance, transparency, hue, heat resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength and to provide processes for efficiently and stably producing a polycarbonate resin which stably shows those performances. The invention includes: polycarbonate resins which at least contain structural units derived from a dihydroxy compound having the portion represented by formula (1) as part of the structure thereof and which have specific properties; and processes for producing the polycarbonate resins, CH2—O??(1) where the case where the portion represented by formula (1) is part of —CH2—O—H is excluded.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a polycarbonate resin, comprising performing polycondensation through a transesterification reaction by using a catalyst and using a dihydroxy compound and a carbonic acid diester as raw material monomers, and feeding the produced polycarbonate resin to an extruder, wherein the dihydroxy compound contains at least a dihydroxy compound having a moiety represented by formula (1) in a part of the structure, the dihydroxy compound having a moiety represented by formula (1) contains a compound having a cyclic ether structure, and the temperature at the time of feeding the polycarbonate resin to the extruder is from 180° C. to less than 250° C., with the proviso excluding the case where the moiety represented by formula (1) is a part of —CH2—O—H CH2—O??(1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin composition which comprises a polymer having a divalent oligofluorene as a repeating unit therein, wherein the divalent oligofluorene contains at least two fluorene units optionally having a substituent, and the 9-positioned carbon atoms of the fluorene units bond to each other via a direct bond or via an alkylene group optionally having a substituent, an arylene group optionally having a substituent, or an aralkylene group optionally having a substituent, and a ratio of a retardation measured at a wavelength of 450 nm (Re450) to a retardation measured at a wavelength of 550 nm (Re550) satisfies the following formula (2): Re450/Re550?1.0.