Abstract: A moving image coding method includes changing at least one of a resolution and a frame rate of an input image, according to a degree of difficulty in coding the input image, and outputting an image to be coded, coding the image outputted in the changing, and transmitting a coded bit stream through a transmission channel, and determining a coding bit rate that is a bit rate of the coded bit stream transmitted through the transmission channel. The moving image coding method also includes selecting a resolution range for determining an upper limit of a resolution of the image to be coded according to the coding bit rate determined in the determining to control the change in the changing so that the resolution of the image to be coded does not exceed the upper limit.

Abstract: An image coding apparatus is mainly characterized by (i) dividing each of fields into an I-slice and P-slices, and determining the position of the I-slice in each of a predetermined number of first fields such that a current I-slice is sequentially shifted from the first end of a starting first field to the second end of an ending first field and such that a similar shift is repeated for each predetermined number of first fields, when a current field is a first field, and further (ii) determining, when the current field is the first field, that each P-slice located closer to the first end than a corresponding I-slice can refer to only a first field coded immediately before, and determining, when the current field is the second field, that at least one second field in the predetermined number of fields can refer to only a first field coded immediately before.

Abstract: The moving image coding method includes: changing at least one of a resolution and a frame rate of an input image, according to a degree of difficulty in coding the input image, and outputting an image to be coded (S11); coding the image outputted in the changing, and transmitting a coded bit stream through a transmission channel (S12); determining a coding bit rate that is a bit rate of the coded bit stream transmitted through the transmission channel (S13); and selecting a resolution range for determining an upper limit of a resolution of the image to be coded according to the coding bit rate determined in the determining to control the change in the changing so that the resolution of the image to be coded does not exceed the upper limit (S14).

Abstract: An image coding apparatus is mainly characterized by (i) dividing each of fields into an I-slice and P-slices, and determining the position of the I-slice in each of a predetermined number of first fields such that a current I-slice is sequentially shifted from the first end of a starting first field to the second end of an ending first field and such that a similar shift is repeated for each predetermined number of first fields, when a current field is a first field, and further (ii) determining, when the current field is the first field, that each P-slice located closer to the first end than a corresponding I-slice can refer to only a first field coded immediately before, and determining, when the current field is the second field, that at least one second field in the predetermined number of fields can refer to only a first field coded immediately before.

Abstract: In respect to emissions trading, although the emission of carbon dioxide may be reduced, there arises a need for reduction of energy so used in conjunction therewith with the possibility of global recession. The present invention purports to facilitate supply of organic compounds having environmentally-friendly values by providing a support system, an certification system and a method of trading environmentally-friendly values of organic compounds, in conjunction with accompanying computer software, to operators creating environmentally-friendly values of organic compounds; to a wide range of companies wishing to purchase organic compounds having said environmentally-friendly values and products produced by using said organic compounds; and to individual consumers.

Abstract: A transmission power control device is provided for controlling transmission power of a transmission signal, so that interference between transmission signals to a plurality of mobile stations is reduced. The transmission power control device of the present invention comprises a total transmission power monitoring section 1 for monitoring total transmission power being transmitted to a plurality of mobile stations by a base station and outputting a monitor signal, a target total transmission power setting section 2 for calculating a total transmission power value applicable to a base station and outputting a setting signal, an adder 3, a multiplier 4, an adder 5, a delay circuit 6, a limiter 7, a desired SIR setting section 8 and an adder 9.

Abstract: A transmission power control device is provided for controlling transmission power of a transmission signal, so that interference between transmission signals to a plurality of mobile stations is reduced. The transmission power control device of the present invention comprises a total transmission power monitoring section 1 for monitoring total transmission power being transmitted to a plurality of mobile stations by a base station and outputting a monitor signal, a target total transmission power setting section 2 for calculating a total transmission power value applicable to a base station and outputting a setting signal, an adder 3, a multiplier 4, an adder 5, a delay circuit 6, a limiter 7, a desired SIR setting section 8 and an adder 9.

Abstract: The invention employs ice for introducing lattice defect into a semiconductor wafer, and is constructed to introduce particles of ice into the semiconductor wafer by ionizing (24) and accelerating (25) the particles of ice, whereby backside damage can be provided on the semiconductor wafer without leaving a pollutant source of the semiconductor wafer.