Abstract: A surfactant for polymerization including at least one selected from a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a—OSO3Xa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-OSO3Xb, wherein R1a, R2a, R3a, Xa, R1b, R2b, R3b, R4b, L and Xb are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a composition containing a fluoropolymer and the at least one surfactant, a composition containing a fluoropolymer and a compound represented by (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2, where M2 is as defined herein, and a molded article made from the composition containing a fluoropolymer and the compound represented by (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2.

Abstract: A field device includes a sensor configured to detect a physical quantity and to output the physical quantity as a sensor signal, a signal processor configured to process the sensor signal and to output the sensor signal as a processing result signal, a calculation processor configured to calculate output value data based on the processing result signal, an outputter configured to output the output value data to the outside, and a waveform acquirer configured to store waveform data of at least one signal among the sensor signal, the processing result signal, and a processing process signal that is a signal in a processing process in the signal processor, wherein the calculation processor is configured to acquire the waveform data from the waveform acquirer and to output the waveform data via the outputter.

Abstract: A field device, which measures a physical quantity in a plant or processes the physical quantity, includes: an instruction unit configured to output a verification execution instruction signal for instructing execution of verification of the field device; an operation verifying unit configured to verify an operation of at least one element of the field device in response to the verification execution instruction signal and to verify an operation of the field device based on the verification result; and an output unit configured to output the verification result which is a result of verification of the operation by the operation verifying unit.

Abstract: A field device includes a sensor configured to detect a physical quantity and to output the physical quantity as a sensor signal, a signal processor configured to process the sensor signal and to output the sensor signal as a processing result signal, a calculation processor configured to calculate output value data based on the processing result signal, an outputter configured to output the output value data to the outside, and a waveform acquirer configured to store waveform data of at least one signal among the sensor signal, the processing result signal, and a processing process signal that is a signal in a processing process in the signal processor, wherein the calculation processor is configured to acquire the waveform data from the waveform acquirer and to output the waveform data via the outputter.

Abstract: A field device includes a detector and a converter communicative to the detector. The detector also may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a first processor. The sensor may be configured to acquire an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the analog measurement signal to a digital signal. The first processor may be configured to convert the digital signal into a measurement value to generate a digital signal representing at least the measurement value. The converter may be configured to convert the digital signal representing at least the measurement value into an instrumentation signal to output the instrumentation signal. The detector may be configured to transmit the digital signal representing at least the measurement value and the analog measurement signal to the converter.

Abstract: A field device includes a detector and a converter communicative to the detector. The detector also may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a first processor. The sensor may be configured to acquire an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the analog measurement signal to a digital signal. The first processor may be configured to convert the digital signal into a measurement value to generate a digital signal representing at least the measurement value. The converter may be configured to convert the digital signal representing at least the measurement value into an instrumentation signal to output the instrumentation signal. The detector may be configured to transmit the digital signal representing at least the measurement value and the analog measurement signal to the converter.

Abstract: A field device, which measures a physical quantity in a plant or processes the physical quantity, includes: an instruction unit configured to output a verification execution instruction signal for instructing execution of verification of the field device; an operation verifying unit configured to verify an operation of at least one element of the field device in response to the verification execution instruction signal and to verify an operation of the field device based on the verification result; and an output unit configured to output the verification result which is a result of verification of the operation by the operation verifying unit.