Abstract: Provided is a method capable of shortening the time required for analysis and capable of analyzing various substances produced by microorganisms. A method for analyzing a metabolite of a microorganism according to the present invention includes: a step of supplying a mobile phase including carbon dioxide in a liquid state, a subcritical state, or a supercritical state to a container in which a microorganism cultured in a medium is contained together with the medium, to move a component of a metabolite of the microorganism present in the microorganism and the medium to the mobile phase; a step of introducing a mobile phase to which a component of the metabolite has moved into a column; and a step of performing mass spectrometry on a component of the metabolite contained in the mobile phase that has passed through the column.

Abstract: A downhole tool securing device and a frac plug which are excellent in setting properties and water pressure resistance and have excellent fracturing properties. A downhole tool securing device (slips) of a frac plug according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a button containing a powder metallurgy material and having a compressive elastic modulus of at least 13.5 GPa and a toughness of 0.23 GJ/m3 or greater and 1.0 GJ/m3 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a frac plug or the like capable of being inserted into a borehole to seal the borehole with high strength, and then quickly disassembled and removed, thereby efficiently producing petroleum. A frac plug according to the present embodiment has a member made of a magnesium (Mg) alloy. The member has a multi-phase structure including a first phase, which is a matrix phase, and a second phase present in the first phase. In the multi-phase structure, the second phase is distributed in a substantially striped pattern in the first phase in a first cross section perpendicular to a second direction of the frac plug, and distributed in a substantially mesh-like pattern in the first phase in a second cross section perpendicular to a first direction of the frac plug.

Abstract: A field device includes a sensor configured to detect a physical quantity and to output the physical quantity as a sensor signal, a signal processor configured to process the sensor signal and to output the sensor signal as a processing result signal, a calculation processor configured to calculate output value data based on the processing result signal, an outputter configured to output the output value data to the outside, and a waveform acquirer configured to store waveform data of at least one signal among the sensor signal, the processing result signal, and a processing process signal that is a signal in a processing process in the signal processor, wherein the calculation processor is configured to acquire the waveform data from the waveform acquirer and to output the waveform data via the outputter.

Abstract: A field device, which measures a physical quantity in a plant or processes the physical quantity, includes: an instruction unit configured to output a verification execution instruction signal for instructing execution of verification of the field device; an operation verifying unit configured to verify an operation of at least one element of the field device in response to the verification execution instruction signal and to verify an operation of the field device based on the verification result; and an output unit configured to output the verification result which is a result of verification of the operation by the operation verifying unit.

Abstract: A field device includes a sensor configured to detect a physical quantity and to output the physical quantity as a sensor signal, a signal processor configured to process the sensor signal and to output the sensor signal as a processing result signal, a calculation processor configured to calculate output value data based on the processing result signal, an outputter configured to output the output value data to the outside, and a waveform acquirer configured to store waveform data of at least one signal among the sensor signal, the processing result signal, and a processing process signal that is a signal in a processing process in the signal processor, wherein the calculation processor is configured to acquire the waveform data from the waveform acquirer and to output the waveform data via the outputter.

Abstract: A field device includes a detector and a converter communicative to the detector. The detector also may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a first processor. The sensor may be configured to acquire an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the analog measurement signal to a digital signal. The first processor may be configured to convert the digital signal into a measurement value to generate a digital signal representing at least the measurement value. The converter may be configured to convert the digital signal representing at least the measurement value into an instrumentation signal to output the instrumentation signal. The detector may be configured to transmit the digital signal representing at least the measurement value and the analog measurement signal to the converter.

Abstract: A field device includes a detector and a converter communicative to the detector. The detector also may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a first processor. The sensor may be configured to acquire an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the analog measurement signal to a digital signal. The first processor may be configured to convert the digital signal into a measurement value to generate a digital signal representing at least the measurement value. The converter may be configured to convert the digital signal representing at least the measurement value into an instrumentation signal to output the instrumentation signal. The detector may be configured to transmit the digital signal representing at least the measurement value and the analog measurement signal to the converter.

Abstract: A field device, which measures a physical quantity in a plant or processes the physical quantity, includes: an instruction unit configured to output a verification execution instruction signal for instructing execution of verification of the field device; an operation verifying unit configured to verify an operation of at least one element of the field device in response to the verification execution instruction signal and to verify an operation of the field device based on the verification result; and an output unit configured to output the verification result which is a result of verification of the operation by the operation verifying unit.