Abstract: An additive application system utilized to form a padded mailer is provided, along with corresponding methods and systems. The system applies an additive liquid to a portion of a first web that, along with a second web, forms a panel of the padded mailer. After contact occurs, an internal pouch for the panel is formed. When the additive liquid and expandable adhesive positioned within the internal pouch are energized via an oven, the expandable adhesive expands in thickness within the internal pouch to form padding for the panel. Utilizing additive liquid enables use of less expandable adhesive while maintaining a desired speed of operation of the oven to still produce a desired thickness for the padding. Cooling may be applied after expansion in the oven to retain thickness expansion in the padding.

Abstract: A novel protein (Abi900, 183 amino acids) and its gene were isolated from a 11-kb natural plasmid (pSRQ900) of Lactococcus lactis. When pSRQ900 is introduced into dairy starter cultures, the Abi900 protein confers strong resistance to bacteriophage infection.

Abstract: An isolated DNA of a Lactococcus lactisshowing a SEQ ID NO:1 encoding a restriction and two modification enzymes (R/M SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 and 4). The isolated DNA is used to transform sensitive dairy cultures, such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, to provide phage resistance. Escherichia coli can be used to produce endonucleases.

Abstract: An isolated DNA of a Lactococcus lactis showing a SEQ ID NO:1 encoding a restriction and twp modification enzymes (R/M SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 and 4). The isolated DNA is used to transform sensitive dairy cultures, such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, to provide phage resistance. Escherichia coli can be used to produce endonucleases.

Abstract: A bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis NRRL-B-18535 is described. The bacteriocin is useful in foods and other materials and has a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria in a pH range between 2 and 8.

Abstract: An isolated DNA of a Lactococcus lactis showing a SEQ ID NO: 1 encoding a restriction and twp modification enzymes (R/M SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 and 4). The isolated DNA is used to transform sensitive dairy cultures, such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, to provide phage resistance. Escherichia coli can be used to produce endonucleases.

Abstract: A novel bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis NRRL-B-18535 is described. The bacteriocin is useful in foods and other materials and has a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria in a pH range between 2 and 8.

Abstract: A bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis NRRL-B-18535 is described. The bacteriocin is useful in foods and other materials and has a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria in a pH range between 2 and 8.

Abstract: Described herein is a bacterial cell containing a recombinant bacteriophage defense mechanism. The defense mechanism comprises a bacteriophage promoter (e.g., a phage .phi.31 promoter; a T7 promoter) operatively associated with a heterologous DNA encoding a product lethal to the bacterial cell. The bacterial cell is susceptible to infection by a bacteriophage, and the promoter is activated upon the infection of said bacterial cell by that bacteriophage. Bacteria useful in carrying out the invention include both gram negative and gram positive bacteria (e.g., Lactococcus lactis; Escherichia coli); the heterologous DNA may encode an enzyme that degrades nucleic acid (e.g., the products of the LlaI restriction cassette; barnase). Recombinant DNAs useful for making the foregoing cells, cultures prepared from such cells, and fermentation methods carried out with such cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis NRRL-B-18535 is described. The bacteriocin is useful in foods and other materials and has a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria in a pH range between 2 and 8.