Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner for development of electrostatic images which contains a colorant, a resin composition (P) and a resin composition (W), in which the resin composition (P) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an acid group-containing amorphous polyester-based resin (A) and an amine compound to condensation reaction, and the resin composition (W) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an alcohol component (W-al), a carboxylic acid component (W-ac) and a hydrocarbon wax containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and a carboxy group to condensation reaction; and a process for producing the toner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner for development of electrostatic images which contains a colorant, a resin composition (P) and an ester composition (C), in which the resin composition (P) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an acid group-containing amorphous polyester-based resin (A) and an amine compound to condensation reaction, and the ester composition (C) is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of the following ester composition (CI) and ester composition (CII); and a process for producing the toner.

Abstract: A method for promoting crystallization of a biodegradable resin composition, including the step of melt-kneading a raw material containing ethylenebis 12-hydroxystearic amide having an amine value of 1.0 mg KOH/g or less and a biodegradable resin. Since the biodegradable resin composition obtainable by the method for promoting crystallization of the present invention has favorable crystallization velocity, a time period required upon molding the composition is shortened, whereby a molded article can be produced productively. The biodegradable resin composition can be suitably used in, for example, in various industrial applications, such as daily sundries, household electric appliance parts, and automobile parts.

Abstract: A method for promoting crystallization of a biodegradable resin composition, including the step of melt-kneading a raw material containing ethylenebis 12-hydroxystearic amide having an amine value of 1.0 mg KOH/g or less and a biodegradable resin. Since the biodegradable resin composition obtainable by the method for promoting crystallization of the present invention has favorable crystallization velocity, a time period required upon molding the composition is shortened, whereby a molded article can be produced productively. The biodegradable resin composition can be suitably used in, for example, in various industrial applications, such as daily sundries, household electric appliance parts, and automobile parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a biodegradable resin composition, which includes step (1) of mixing a biodegradable resin, a plasticizer, and a crystal nucleating agent with one another at the melting point (Tm) of the biodegradable resin or more, wherein the crystal nucleating agent is an aliphatic compound having, in its molecule, two or more of at least one group selected from an ester group, a hydroxyl group and an amide group, and step (2) of thermally treating the resulting biodegradable resin composition at a temperature of from the glass transition temperature (Tg) to less than Tm of the composition, as well as a biodegradable resin composition, which contains a biodegradable resin, a plasticizer, and the above crystal nucleating agent, and which satisfies the following conditions: the haze thereof with a thickness of 0.5 mm after thermal treatment at 60° C. for 36 or 60 hours is 20% or less; the storage elastic modulus (E?) at a temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a biodegradable resin composition, which includes step (1) of mixing a biodegradable resin, a plasticizer and a crystal nucleating agent with one another at the melting point (Tm) of the biodegradable resin or more, wherein the crystal nucleating agent is an aliphatic compound having, in its molecule, two or more of at least one group selected from an ester group a hydroxyl group and an amide group, and step (2) of thermally treating the resulting biodegradable resin composition at a temperature of from the glass transition temperature (Tg) to less than Tm of the composition, as well as a biodegradable resin composition, which contains a biodegradable resin, a plasticizer, and the above crystal nucleating agent, and which satisfies the following conditions: the haze thereof with a thickness of 0.5 mm after thermal treatment at 60° C. for 36 or 60 hours is 20% or less; the storage elastic modulus (E?) at a temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: A resist developer comprising (1) a basic organic compound A and (2) a salt C of (a) a basic compound A′ and (b) an organic compound B capable of forming a salt together with said basic compound A′, wherein said basic compound A′ is the same or different from said basic organic compound A, and wherein said resist developer is prepared by combining (1) and (2), or by reacting an excess amount of said basic organic compound A with said organic compound B.

Abstract: A gasoline composition comprising (a) gasoline, (b) a deposit inhibitor or a detergent containing a basic nitrogen atom, (c) a carrier oil, and (d) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an ester of a fatty acid and an alkylene oxide addition compound to bisphenol, a compound obtained by the ester exchange reaction of an alcohol and a triglyceride-type fat or oil, an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, a metal salt of an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, an ester of an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid and an alcohol, and an ester of boric acid. The composition has superior heat resistance and is excellent in removing deposits in the fuel intake systems and in keeping the systems clean.

Abstract: An additive for fuel oil comprises a compound comprising (a) an alkyl group having 9 to 37 carbon atoms and containing a branched alkyl having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and (b) an amine group having at least one polyoxyalkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or an amineoxide having at least one polyoxyalkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. This additive is effective for cleaning the injection nozzle of coking.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprises fuel oil and 0.1 to 50,000 ppm of an additive compound having the formula (I) in which R is a hydrocarbyl radical having 10 to 50 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 10 to 50 and n is an integer of 1 to 3. It is improved in cleaning property.