Abstract: A method for preparing a microalgal dispersion from a microalga-containing liquid, the microalga-containing liquid containing a microalga having a body length of less than 1000 ?m, the method including a concentration step of performing cross flow filtration of the microalga-containing liquid using a hollow fiber membrane, wherein a circulation linear velocity in the cross flow filtration in the concentration step is in a range of 0.2 m/sec or more and 1.3 m/sec or less.

Abstract: Provided is an isolation and purification method for isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles. In the method for isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles from a solution containing the extracellular vesicles and unnecessary substances. The isolation and purification method is an adsorbent treatment method in which a solution containing the extracellular vesicles and unnecessary substances is brought into contact with an adsorbent to cause the adsorbent to adsorb and retain the unnecessary substances other than the extracellular vesicles. The adsorbent is a porous granular material having a pore, an interior of the pore being positively charged, and the adsorbent can adsorb and retain, in the interior of the pore, negatively charged unnecessary substances other than the extracellular vesicles.

Abstract: A hollow fiber porous membrane includes polyethersulfone or polysulfone. The hollow fiber porous membrane has an inner diameter from 300-600 ?m, a thickness from 70-200 ?m, a molecular weight cut-off of 10000 or lower, and a plurality of pores having a pore diameter from 0.1-0.5 ?m throughout an outer surface; and a bulging rate of less than 5%. For 20 or more of the hollow fiber porous membranes, after a membrane thickness in a cross section of each one of the hollow fiber porous membranes in the width direction is measured at randomly selected 10 or more locations, an average membrane thickness is calculated based on 200 or more locations in total, and the bulging rate is calculated by a formula below: Bulging Rate (%)=(location numbers where the membrane thickness as measured exceeded 1.3 times the average membrane thickness)/(membrane thickness measurement numbers)×100.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an isolation and purification method for isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles. [Solution] An isolation and purification method of extracellular vesicles is disclosed. A hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of 0.2 mm to 1.4 mm and a molecular weight cut-off of 100000 to 1000000. Filtering includes a first filtration process of press-fitting the culture supernatant of the mesenchymal stem cells from a first opening on one end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the culture supernatant to separate the culture supernatant into a permeate and a first concentrate, and a second filtration process of press-fitting the first concentrate from a second opening on the other end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the first concentrate to separate the first concentrate into a permeate and a second concentrate.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a method for isolating and purifying a minute useful substance. [Solution] Disclosed is a method for isolating and purifying a minute useful substance. The method includes filtering a liquid containing a minute useful substance through a hollow fiber membrane. The hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of 0.2 mm to 1.4 mm and a molecular weight cut-off of 100000 to 1000000. The filtering includes a first filtration process of press-fitting the liquid containing the minute useful substance from a first opening on one end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the liquid to separate the liquid into a permeate and a first concentrate, and a second filtration process of press-fitting the first concentrate from a second opening on the other end side of the hollow fiber membrane and filtering the first concentrate to separate the first concentrate into a permeate and a second concentrate.

Abstract: A hollow fiber porous membrane includes polyethersulfone or polysulfone. The hollow fiber porous membrane has an inner diameter from 300 to 600 ?m, a thickness from 70 to 200 ?m, a molecular weight cut-off of 10000 or lower, and a plurality of pores having a pore diameter from 0.1 to 0.5 ?m throughout an outer surface; and a swelling rate of less than 5% as defined below: Swelling Rate (%): for 20 or more of the hollow fiber porous membranes, after a membrane thickness in a cross section of each one of the hollow fiber porous membranes in the width direction is measured at randomly selected 10 or more locations, an average membrane thickness is calculated based on 200 or more locations in total, and the swelling rate is calculated by a formula below: Swelling Rate (%)=(location numbers where the membrane thickness as measured exceeded 1.3 times the average membrane thickness)/(membrane thickness measurement numbers)×100.

Abstract: The reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a polarizing plate disposed forwardly of a liquid crystal cell, a relector which is disposed on backside of the liquid crystal cell and reflects an incident light, and a light-scattering sheet which is disposed forwardly of the reflector and scatters the incident light isotopically. The light-scattering sheet can be prepared with the use of a spinodal decomposition method of coating a mixture liquid containing a plurality of polymers varying in refractive index on a transparent support and evaporating or removing a solvent to form a light-scattering layer having a droplet phase structure. The light-scattering layer includes a light-scattering layer showing a maximum intensity of the scattered-light at scattering angles of 3 to 40°, and a light-scattering layer showing maximums intensity of the scattered-light respectively at smaller angles of 2 to 2° and larger angle &thgr;b.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cellulose compound hollow fiber membrane having high mechanical strength and is hardly degraded by microorganisms, wherein a cellulose compound is comprised as a membrane material, the thickness of the membrane is 50 to 500 &mgr;m, a dense membrane surface having an average pore diameter of 0.001 to 0.05 &mgr;m exists on the internal and/or external surface thereof, the inside of the membrane is composed of a three-dimensional network-like porous structure having voids with an average pore diameter of 0.05 to 2 &mgr;m, and 70% by weight or more of the membrane material is cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate.

Abstract: The reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a polarizing plate 1 disposed forwardly of the liquid crystal cell 6, a reflecting means 5 which is disposed on backside of the liquid crystal cell and reflects an incident light, and a light-scattering sheet 2 which is disposed forwardly of reflecting means and scatters the incident light isotopically. The light-scattering sheet can be prepared with the use of spinodal decomposition method comprising by coating a mixture liquid containing a plurality of polymers varying in refractive index on a transparent support and evaporating or removing a solvent to form a light-scattering layer having a droplet phase structure. The light-scattering layer includes a light-scattering layer showing a maximum intensity of the scattered-light at scattering angle of 3 to 40°, and a light-scattering layer showing maximums intensity of the scattered-light respectively at smaller angle of 2 to 20° and larger angle &thgr;b.

Abstract: To provide a cellulose acetate semipermeable membrane having a high filtration rate and high mechanical strength and which is hardly degraded by microorganisms, the present invention provides a cellulose acetate semipermeable membrane containing a cellulose acetate having an &agr;-cellulose content of not less than 99% by weight, a 6 wt/vol % viscosity of 20 to 220 mPa·s at 25±1° C. and an acetylation degree of 58 to 62%. The cellulose acetate semipermeable membrane is suitable particularly as a hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: Porous membranes having a micro phase separation structure and showing a light transmittance at the wavelength of 400 nm of not less than 30% are obtained by the dry phase conversion method comprising drying a coating layer of a dope containing a polymer, a good solvent for the polymer and a poor solvent for the polymer which solvent has a higher boiling point than the good solvent. The polymer includes cellulose derivatives, vinyl-series polymers such as acrylonitrile-series polymers and (meth)acrylic acid ester-series polymers, polysulfone-series polymers, and the like. The porous polymer membranes have a porosity of 10 to 60%, a mean pore size of about 0.002 to 0.35 &mgr;m and a maximum pore size of not greater than 0.4 &mgr;m. These porous membranes shows not only excellent transparency but also high productivity.