Abstract: A power source element has a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and a pair of connecting terminals, each having a first end portion connected to a respective one of the positive and negative electrode cases, a second end portion for connection to a circuit board, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first and second end portions. The intermediate portion of each of the connecting terminals has a weakened region so that the first end portion is separated from the second end portion along a weakened line in the weakened region upon relative movement between the first and second end portions in a give direction.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor which causes no liquid leakage and capacity decrease due to the side reactions of the electrolyte and has a very low leak current. It holds an electrolyte which contains the supporting salt in such an amount that the ionized supporting salt in the electrolyte mostly migrates close to the surface of the electrode in the fully charged state, so that the electrolyte becomes almost an insulator when the electrical double layer has been formed by full charging. In addition, the positive electrode has a smaller capacity than the negative electrode, so that the capacitor has a high withstanding voltage.

Abstract: An alkaline battery comprises a negative electrode having an active material comprised of mercuryless zinc powder containing a gelling agent. In one embodiment, the alkaline battery comprises a current collector having an outermost surface coated with a layer of zinc or a metal having a hydrogen overvoltage higher than that of zinc, and an electrolyte containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an indium compound, lead oxide; a hydroxide of alkaline earth metal and a surfactant having polyethylene oxide. In another embodiment, the negative electrode active material contains one or more species of materials selected from the group consisting of an indium compound, lead oxide, a hydroxide of alkaline earth metal and a surfactant having polyethylene oxide, and a current collector having an outermost surface coated with a layer of zinc or a metal having a hydrogen overvoltage higher than that of zinc.

Abstract: A secondary battery or capacitor fitted with terminals and occupies less area on a packaging substrate. Either one of the positive and negative terminals is mounted within the outer surface of the secondary battery or capacitor. This reduces the area occupied by the secondary battery or capacitor fitted with terminals on the substrate. At least one step is formed on the terminal positioned opposite to the substrate. This prevents electrical shorting between the positive electrode can and the negative terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an electric double layer capacitor mountable by reflow soldering, which comprises assembling an electric double layer capacitor, subjecting the capacitor to a heat treatment following a temperature profile resembling to the temperature profile with respect to time employed in the reflow soldering step, and welding a terminal thereafter.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of withstanding a reflow temperature has a positive electrode having a conductive material, a binder, and an electrode active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, LiNiO2 and LiMn2O4. A negative electrode has a conductive material, a binder and an electrode active material selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide having an anatase structure, lithium titanate having a spinel structure and a molybdenum oxide. An electrolyte has a supporting salt and a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point greater than 200° C. A gasket is comprised of a material having a heat deformation temperature greater than 230° C. A separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and is comprised of a material having a heat deformation temperature greater than 230° C. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises an electrode heat-treated to a temperature of 250° C.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor has an electrolyte comprised of a non-aqueous solvent and a supporting salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent. A pair of polarizing electrodes are disposed in confronting relation with one another. A separator is disposed between the polarizing electrodes. The supporting salt contained in the electrolyte exists only in regions proximate a surface of the polarizing electrodes when the electrical double layer capacitor is fully charged. The non-aqueous solvent contains a preselected amount of dissolved supporting salt calculated from a surface area of the polarizing electrodes and a size of a molecule of the supporting salt in an ionized state.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of being assembled by reflow soldering is provided. The assembled non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is heat-treated following the temperature-time profile close to that for the reflow soldering, and then provided with the terminals by welding.

Abstract: A power source element has a container made of an insulation material. The container has an interior space containing an anode active material, a cathode active material spaced apart from the anode active material, and an electrolyte material. A first current collector is disposed on an inner base surface of the container. A first connecting terminal is disposed on an outer base surface of the container and is electrically connected to the first current collector. A second current collector is connected to the container. A second connecting terminal is disposed on the outer base surface of the container and is electrically connected to the second current collector.

Abstract: A secondary battery or capacitor fitted with terminals and occupies less area on a packaging substrate. Either one of the positive and negative terminals is mounted within the outer surface of the secondary battery or capacitor. This reduces the area occupied by the secondary battery or capacitor fitted with terminals on the substrate. At least one step is formed on the terminal positioned opposite to the substrate. This prevents electrical shorting between the positive electrode can and the negative terminal.

Abstract: A coin-shaped non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery resistant to reflow temperature is provided, said non-aqueous rechargeable battery utilizes a molybdenum oxide, particularly MoO3, for the positive electrode active material, and heat resistant materials for the electrolytic solution, separators, and gaskets.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of ensuring good characteristics even in case of low-voltage charge at 2.5 V or so. A composite oxide of a compositional formula, LiaCubTicO4 (with 0<a≦1, 0<b≦0.5, 1.5≦c<2) serving as a positive or negative electrode active material is mixed with an electroconductive agent and a binder, and shaped under pressure into electrodes for the battery.

Abstract: An optical element comprises an optical element body composed of fluoride, an Al2O3 layer formed thereon, and an SiO2 layer formed on the Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is unreactive with fluorine of the fluoride. Therefore, even when the light in the deep ultraviolet region such as the light of 193 nm is used, no absorption loss of light is brought about. The optical element is usable for an optical lens of an illumination optical system or a projection lens in a projection optical system of an exposure apparatus which uses a light source of an excimer laser in order to effect exposure with a fine pattern.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor affords cost reduction and miniaturization. In a non-aqueous electrolyte cell and an electric double layer capacitor, which are composed of active materials used as a cathode and an anode, and a container for receiving the materials and an electrolyte, the storage container is composed of a concave-shaped container 101 and a sealing plate 102, and first and second collectors disposed in the container are electrically connected to joining terminals A103, B104 disposed on an outer bottom surface and/or sides of the container, the joining terminals A103, B104 being made integral with the storage container.

Abstract: A 1.5 V non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having high energy density, excellent charge and discharge characteristics and long cycle life is provided. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery uses, as the negative electrode active material, lithium-containing silicon oxide represented by the compositional formula Li.sub.x SiO.sub.y and defined such that the lithium content x and oxygen amount y are satisfied with 1.5.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.5 and 0<y<2, respectively, and also uses, as the positive electrode, lithium-containing titanium oxide represented by the general formula Li.sub.x Ti.sub.y O.sub.4 wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.3 and 1.6.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.2.2 or lithium-containing iron sulfide represented by the general formula Li.sub.x FeS.sub.y wherein x.ltoreq.1.1 and 0.5.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.2.5, so that a secondary battery of about 1.5 V having high energy density, less inner resistance and excellent charge and discharge characteristics can be obtained.

Abstract: A vibrator is formed on a silicon substrate to become a base by the silicon-processing procedure and a thin film of a piezoelectric material is formed on the substrate by a method matching with the silicon-processing procedure. When an ac field of a frequency near the resonance frequency of the transverse vibration of the vibrator is applied to the thin film of the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric reverse effect excites characteristic vibration in the vibrator. If a rotational motion is generated along the axis of the beam in that state, the Coriolis' force is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the axial direction and the vibration direction of the beam. This force deforms the beam in that direction. Detecting inductive charges produced in another piezoelectric thin film fixed on the vibrator because of the piezoelectric normal effect due to the deformation, the rotational, angular velocity can be obtained.

Abstract: A vibrator is formed on a silicon substrate to become a base by the silicon-processing procedure and a thin film of a piezoelectric material is formed on the substrate by a method matching with the silicon-processing procedure. When an ac field of a frequency near the resonance frequency of the transverse vibration of the vibrator is applied to the thin film of the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric reverse effect excites characteristic vibration in the vibrator. If a rotational motion is generated along the axis of the beam in that state, the Coriolis' force is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the axial direction and the vibration direction of the beam. This force deforms the beam in that direction. Detecting inductive charges produced in another piezoelectric thin film fixed on the vibrator because of the piezoelectric normal effect due to the deformation, the rotational, angular velocity can be obtained.

Abstract: When a power switch is turned on, first and second analog switches are turned on while a third analog switch is turned off. Accordingly, at the time of starting, a forced excitation driving circuit supplies to a vibrator an oscillation output pulse which is substantially at the resonance frequency of the vibrator, thereby forcibly driving the vibrator in an excitation manner. Thereafter, when the vibrator substantially attains its stationary state and thereby the charged voltage of a capacitor reaches a threshold value of an inverter, the first and second analog switches are turned off while the third analog switch is turned on. Accordingly, the output of a self-excitation circuit is supplied to the electrode of the vibrator so as to vibrate the vibrator in a self-excitation manner.

Abstract: A piezoelectric angular velocity meter includes a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element includes a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element bonded to the first piezoelectric element. The second piezoelectric element includes a second member made of a piezoelectric crystal, and upper- and lower-surface electrodes sandwiching the second member. The first piezoelectric element is fixed to the upper-surface electrode of said second piezoelectric element with an adhesive. The first piezoelectric element includes a first member made of a piezoelectric crystal, upper-surface electrodes, and a lower-surface electrode. The upper- and lower-surface electrodes sandwich the first member of the first piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is supported by two support portions.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to enable high-speed feedback control by decreasing the mass of a cantilever including an axial driving actuator and eliminate drawbacks caused by the decrease in mass. In a so-called atomic force microscope for observing the surface shape of a sample using a signal corresponding to an interatomic force or the distance between a probe and the sample surface by bringing the probe of a cantilever to the vicinity of the sample surface held by a sample stage and performing two-dimensional scanning with the probe, a piezoelectric film sandwiched between a pair of electrodes is formed on the cantilever, and the piezoelectric film displaces the cantilever in a predetermined direction due to a d.sub.31 inverse piezoelectric effect upon application of a signal voltage to the electrodes.