Abstract: Display devices include waveguides with in-coupling optical elements that mitigate re-bounce of in-coupled light to improve in-coupling efficiency and/or uniformity. A waveguide receives light from a light source and includes an in-coupling optical element that in-couples the received light to propagate by total internal reflection within the waveguide. The in-coupled light may undergo re-bounce, in which the light reflects off a waveguide surface and, after the reflection, strikes the in-coupling optical element. Upon striking the in-coupling optical element, the light may be partially absorbed and/or out-coupled by the optical element, thereby reducing the amount of in-coupled light propagating through the waveguide.

Abstract: A bridge monitoring method, system, a structure state monitoring device and a storage medium, which comprises: obtaining at least one qubit pair in a quantum entangled state; the coupling relationship between the qubit pair state of at least one qubit pair and the physical parameters of the bridge is constructed. The qubit pair state of at least one qubit pair is monitored, and the structural state of the bridge is determined based on the qubit pair state and the coupling relationship. The invention uses the entanglement relation of quantum bits to realize the real-time monitoring of the bridge structure state in the full range of the bridge with high sensitivity and high resolution.

Abstract: An integrated wireless sensing and communication (ISAC) system may allow for a radio access network (“RAN”) node to improve the sensing. There may be a secondary sensing radio link (S-S-RL) for additional sensing functionality. The sensing signal can be used by the RAN node and/or the UE for detecting objects along a radio path between the RAN node and UE to improve the wireless communication through RL. The S-S-RL may be added in a single connectivity system or may be modified in a dual connectivity system. In order to maximize the sensing collaboration benefits among RAN nodes, the S-S-RL can assist communication or assist sensing.

Abstract: An augmented reality device includes a projector, projector optics optically coupled to the projector, and a substrate structure including a substrate having an incident surface and an opposing exit surface and a first variable thickness film coupled to the incident surface. The substrate structure can also include a first combined pupil expander coupled to the first variable thickness film, a second variable thickness film coupled to the opposing exit surface, an incoupling grating coupled to the opposing exit surface, and a second combined pupil expander coupled to the opposing exit surface.

Abstract: Diffraction gratings provide optical elements, e.g., in a head-mountable display system, that can affect light, for example by incoupling light into a waveguide, outcoupling light out of a waveguide, and/or multiplying light propagating in a waveguide. The diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity such that light of different polarization states, or polarized and unpolarized light, is incoupled, outcoupled, multiplied, or otherwise affected with a similar level of efficiency. The reduced polarization sensitivity may be achieved through provision of a transmissive layer and a metallic layer on one or more gratings. A diffraction grating may comprise a blazed grating or other suitable configuration.

Abstract: Display devices include waveguides with in-coupling optical elements that mitigate re-bounce of in-coupled light to improve overall in-coupling efficiency and/or uniformity. A waveguide receives light from a light source and/or projection optics and includes an in-coupling optical element that in-couples the received light to propagate by total internal reflection in a propagation direction within the waveguide. Once in-coupled into the waveguide the light may undergo re-bounce, in which the light reflects off a waveguide surface and, after the reflection, strikes the in-coupling optical element. Upon striking the in-coupling optical element, the light may be partially absorbed and/or out-coupled by the optical element, thereby effectively reducing the amount of in-coupled light propagating through the waveguide.

Abstract: Diffraction gratings provide optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or outcouple light out of a waveguide. These diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity. Such gratings may, for example, incouple or outcouple light of different polarizations, or polarized and unpolarized light, with a similar level of efficiency. The diffraction gratings and waveguides may include a transmissive layer and a metal layer. The diffraction grating may comprise a blazed grating.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for fabricating molds for forming waveguides with integrated spacers for forming eyepieces. The molds are formed by etching features (e.g., 1 ?m to 1000 ?m deep) into a substrate comprising single crystalline material using an anisotropic wet etch. The etch masks for defining the large features may comprise a plurality of holes, wherein the size and shape of each hole at least partially determine the depth of the corresponding large feature. The holes may be aligned along a crystal axis of the substrate and the etching may automatically stop due to the crystal structure of the substrate. The patterned substrate may be utilized as a mold onto which a flowable polymer may be introduced and allowed to harden. Hardened polymer in the holes may form a waveguide with integrated spacers. The mold may be also used to fabricate a platform comprising a plurality of vertically extending microstructures of precise heights, to test the curvature or flatness of a sample, e.g.

Abstract: Blazed diffraction gratings provide optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or out-couple light out of a waveguide. These blazed diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity. Such gratings may, for example, incouple or outcouple light of different polarizations with similar level of efficiency. The blazed diffraction gratings and waveguides may be formed in a high refractive index substrate such as lithium niobate. In some implementations, the blazed diffraction gratings may include diffractive features having a feature height of 40 nm to 120 nm, for example, 80 nm. The diffractive features may be etched into the high index substrate, e.g., lithium niobate.

Abstract: An imprint lithography method of configuring an optical layer includes selecting one or more parameters of a nanolayer to be applied to a substrate for changing an effective refractive index of the substrate and imprinting the nanolayer on the substrate to change the effective refractive index of the substrate such that a relative amount of light transmittable through the substrate is changed by a selected amount.

Abstract: Recesses are formed on a front side and a rear side of a waveguide. A solid porogen material is spun onto the front side and the rear side and fills the recesses. First front and rear cap layers are then formed on raised formations of the waveguide and on the solid porogen material. The entire structure is then heated and the solid porogen material decomposes to a porogen gas. The first front and rear cap layers are porous to allow the porogen gas to escape and air to enter into the recesses. The air maximizes a difference in refractive indices between the high-index transparent material of the waveguide and the air to promote reflection in the waveguide from interfaces between the waveguide and the air.

Abstract: Blazed diffraction gratings provide optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or out-couple light out of a waveguide. These blazed diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity. Such gratings may, for example, incouple or outcouple light of different polarizations with similar level of efficiency. The blazed diffraction gratings and waveguides may be formed in a high refractive index substrate such as lithium niobate. In some implementations, the blazed diffraction gratings may include diffractive features having a feature height of 40 nm to 120 nm, for example, 80 nm. The diffractive features may be etched into the high index substrate, e.g., lithium niobate.

Abstract: Waveguides comprising materials with refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8 and methods of patterning waveguides are disclosed. Patterned waveguides comprising materials with refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8 can be incorporated in display devices, such as, for example wearable display devices to project virtual images to a viewer. A waveguide may be transparent and may comprise a substrate comprising a first material having a first refractive index greater than about 2.0. Diffractive features may be formed, on the substrate, of a second material having a second refractive index that is lower than the first refractive index. A third material may be disposed over the diffractive features and may have a third refractive index that is higher than the second refractive index.

Abstract: An imprint lithography method of configuring an optical layer includes selecting one or more parameters of a nanolayer to be applied to a substrate for changing an effective refractive index of the substrate and imprinting the nanolayer on the substrate to change the effective refractive index of the substrate such that a relative amount of light transmittable through the substrate is changed by a selected amount.

Abstract: Recesses are formed on a front side and a rear side of a waveguide. A solid porogen material is spun onto the front side and the rear side and fills the recesses. First front and rear cap layers are then formed on raised formations of the waveguide and on the solid porogen material. The entire structure is then heated and the solid porogen material decomposes to a porogen gas. The first front and rear cap layers are porous to allow the porogen gas to escape and air to enter into the recesses. The air maximizes a difference in refractive indices between the high-index transparent material of the waveguide and the air to promote reflection in the waveguide from interfaces between the waveguide and the air.

Abstract: Very high refractive index (n>2.2) lightguide substrates enable the production of 70° field of view eyepieces with all three color primaries in a single eyepiece layer. Disclosed herein are viewing optics assembly architectures that make use of such eyepieces to reduce size and cost, simplifying manufacturing and assembly, and better-accommodating novel microdisplay designs.

Abstract: A display device includes a waveguide assembly comprising a waveguide configured to outcouple light out of a major surface of the waveguide to form an image in the eyes of a user. An adaptive lens assembly comprises a switchable waveplate assembly. The switchable waveplate assembly includes quarter-wave plates on opposing sides of a switchable liquid crystal layer, and electrodes on the quarter-wave plates in the volume between the quarter-wave plates. The electrodes can selectively establish an electric field and may serve as an alignment structure for molecules of the liquid crystal layer. Portions of the adaptive lens assembly may be manufactured by roll-to-roll processing in which a substrate roll is unwound, and alignment layers and liquid crystal layers are formed on the substrate as it moves towards a second roller, to be wound on that second roller.

Abstract: An eyepiece waveguide includes a set of waveguide layers having a world side and a user side. The eyepiece waveguide also includes a first cover plate having a first optical power and disposed adjacent the world side of the set of waveguide layers and a second cover plate having a second optical power and disposed adjacent the user side of the set of waveguide layers.

Abstract: Waveguides comprising materials with refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8 and methods of patterning waveguides are disclosed. Patterned waveguides comprising materials with refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8 can be incorporated in display devices, such as, for example wearable display devices to project virtual images to a viewer.

Abstract: Very high refractive index (n>2.2) lightguide substrates enable the production of 70° field of view eyepieces with all three color primaries in a single eyepiece layer. Disclosed herein are viewing optics assembly architectures that make use of such eyepieces to reduce size and cost, simplifying manufacturing and assembly, and better-accommodating novel microdisplay designs.