Abstract: A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a forming apparatus defining a travel path extending in a travel direction. The forming apparatus conveys a ribbon of glass-forming material along the travel path in the travel direction of the forming apparatus. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a cooling tube extending substantially parallel to the travel path and extending across the travel direction. The cooling tube includes a plurality of orifices spaced apart along the cooling tube and facing the travel path. Methods of manufacturing glass can comprise flowing a coolant from an outlet of a conduit in a direction toward a target location of a flowing ribbon of molten material. Methods can also include changing a phase of the coolant while the coolant is flowing towards the target location. The change in phase can cool the target location.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing glass include a heat extractor configured to extract heat from molten glass. The heat extractor includes a first conduit and at least one second conduit which may include a plurality of second conduits circumferentially surrounding the first conduit. The first conduit and the at least one second conduit are configured to flow a fluid therethrough.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet comprises: (a) forming a ribbon of glass from molten glass with a pair of forming rollers; (b) reducing horizontal temperature variability of the ribbon of glass to be 10° C. or less across 80 percent of an entire width of the ribbon of glass before the ribbon of glass cools to a glass transition temperature; (c) controlling a cooling rate of the ribbon of glass while the ribbon of glass moves vertically downward within a setting zone such that the ribbon of glass has a first average cooling rate before the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature and a second average cooling rate after the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature, the first average cooling rate being less than the second average cooling rate; and (d) separating a glass sheet from the ribbon of glass.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet comprises: (a) forming a ribbon of glass from molten glass with a pair of forming rollers; (b) reducing horizontal temperature variability of the ribbon of glass to be 10° C. or less across 80 percent of an entire width of the ribbon of glass before the ribbon of glass cools to a glass transition temperature; (c) controlling a cooling rate of the ribbon of glass while the ribbon of glass moves vertically downward within a setting zone such that the ribbon of glass has a first average cooling rate before the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature and a second average cooling rate after the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature, the first average cooling rate being less than the second average cooling rate; and (d) separating a glass sheet from the ribbon of glass.

Abstract: A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a forming apparatus defining a travel path extending in a travel direction. The forming apparatus conveys a ribbon of glass-forming material along the travel path in the travel direction. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a cooling tube including a first end and a second end. The cooling tube includes a first tube including a closed first sidewall surrounding a first channel. The first tube receives a first cooling fluid within the first channel. The cooling tube includes a second tube including a closed second sidewall surrounding a second channel. The first tube is positioned within the second tube. The second tube receives a second cooling fluid within the second channel. The cooling tube includes a nozzle. The nozzle receives the first cooling fluid and directs the first cooling fluid toward the travel path. Methods include manufacturing a glass ribbon with the glass manufacturing apparatus.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet comprises: (a) forming a ribbon of glass from molten glass with a pair of forming rollers; (b) reducing horizontal temperature variability of the ribbon of glass to be 10° C. or less across 80 percent of an entire width of the ribbon of glass before the ribbon of glass cools to a glass transition temperature; (c) controlling a cooling rate of the ribbon of glass while the ribbon of glass moves vertically downward within a setting zone such that the ribbon of glass has a first average cooling rate before the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature and a second average cooling rate after the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature, the first average cooling rate being less than the second average cooling rate; and (d) separating a glass sheet from the ribbon of glass.

Abstract: A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a forming apparatus defining a travel path extending in a travel direction. The forming apparatus conveys a ribbon of glass-forming material along the travel path in the travel direction of the forming apparatus. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a cooling tube extending substantially parallel to the travel path and extending across the travel direction. The cooling tube includes a plurality of orifices spaced apart along the cooling tube and facing the travel path. Methods of manufacturing glass can comprise flowing a coolant from an outlet of a conduit in a direction toward a target location of a flowing ribbon of molten material. Methods can also include changing a phase of the coolant while the coolant is flowing towards the target location. The change in phase can cool the target location.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet comprises: (a) forming a ribbon of glass from molten glass with a pair of forming rollers; (b) reducing horizontal temperature variability of the ribbon of glass to be 10° C. or less across 80 percent of an entire width of the ribbon of glass before the ribbon of glass cools to a glass transition temperature; (c) controlling a cooling rate of the ribbon of glass while the ribbon of glass moves vertically downward within a setting zone such that the ribbon of glass has a first average cooling rate before the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature and a second average cooling rate after the ribbon of glass cools to the glass transition temperature, the first average cooling rate being less than the second average cooling rate; and (d) separating a glass sheet from the ribbon of glass.

Abstract: A method for applying a surface treatment to a plugged honeycomb body comprising porous wall includes: atomizing particles of an inorganic material into liquid-particulate-binder droplets comprised of a liquid vehicle, a binder material, and the particles; evaporating substantially all of the liquid vehicle from the droplets to form agglomerates comprised of the particles and the binder material; depositing the agglomerates onto the porous walls of the plugged honeycomb body; wherein the agglomerates are disposed on, or in, or both on and in, the porous walls.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for operational control of fuel cells. In one example, among others, a system for controlling a fuel cell includes a stack temperature controller in cascade with a liquid level controller. The liquid level controller can provide a control output based at least in part upon an indication of a liquid level of a liquid fuel tank and a level reference. The stack temperature controller can provide a fan speed control output based at least in part upon an indication of a stack temperature of the fuel cell and the control output of the liquid level controller. In another example, a system for estimating methanol concentration of a fuel cell system includes a state observer that generates an estimate of the methanol concentration of fuel provided to a direct methanol fuel cell based upon a plurality of states of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for operational control of fuel cells. In one example, among others, a system for controlling a fuel cell includes a stack temperature controller in cascade with a liquid level controller. The liquid level controller can provide a control output based at least in part upon an indication of a liquid level of a liquid fuel tank and a level reference. The stack temperature controller can provide a fan speed control output based at least in part upon an indication of a stack temperature of the fuel cell and the control output of the liquid level controller. In another example, a system for estimating methanol concentration of a fuel cell system includes a state observer that generates an estimate of the methanol concentration of fuel provided to a direct methanol fuel cell based upon a plurality of states of the fuel cell system.