Abstract: Disclosed are peptides for inhibiting mdm2 (mouse double minute 2) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus with a generator. The exercise apparatus includes a frame, a rotating component, a generator, and a battery. The rotating component is rotatably connected to the frame and the rotating component rotates in response to operation of the exercise apparatus. The generator is connected to the rotating component and the frame. The generator includes a rotor connected to the rotating component and a stator. The rotor rotates in response to rotation of the rotating component. The stator is connected to the frame. The stator interacts with the rotor to produce electric current at an output. In one embodiment, the battery is connected to the output wherein the battery is charged by electric current from the generator.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a recess is formed in an active region of a substrate. A gate insulation layer is formed in the first recess. A barrier layer is formed on the gate insulation layer. A preliminary nucleation layer having a first resistance is formed on the barrier layer. The preliminary nucleation layer is converted into a nucleation layer having a second resistance substantially smaller than the first resistance. A conductive layer is formed on the nucleation layer. The conductive layer, the nucleation layer, the barrier layer and the gate insulation layer are partially etched to form a buried gate structure including a gate insulation layer pattern, a barrier layer pattern, a nucleation layer pattern and a conductive layer pattern.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device is provided, comprising forming a plurality of hard masks on a substrate by patterning an insulating layer; forming a plurality of trenches in the substrate, each trench having trench walls disposed between two adjacent masks and extending vertically from a bottom portion to an upper portion; forming an insulating layer on the hard masks and the trench walls; forming a conductive layer on the insulating layer; etching the conductive layer to form conductive layer patterns to fill the bottom portions of the trenches; depositing a buffer layer on the conductive layer patterns and the trench walls; and filling the upper portions of the trenches with a capping layer.

Abstract: A recess gate of a semiconductor device is provided, comprising: a substrate having a recess formed therein; a metal layer formed at the bottom of the recess; a polysilicon layer formed over the metal layer; and a source region and a drain region formed adjacent to the polysilicon layer and spaced from the metal layer.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a recess is formed in an active region of a substrate. A gate insulation layer is formed in the first recess. A barrier layer is formed on the gate insulation layer. A preliminary nucleation layer having a first resistance is formed on the barrier layer. The preliminary nucleation layer is converted into a nucleation layer having a second resistance substantially smaller than the first resistance. A conductive layer is formed on the nucleation layer. The conductive layer, the nucleation layer, the barrier layer and the gate insulation layer are partially etched to form a buried gate structure including a gate insulation layer pattern, a barrier layer pattern, a nucleation layer pattern and a conductive layer pattern.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a semiconductor substrate including an active region defined by an isolation region and having at least one trench therein, a gate insulating layer formed in the at least one trench, a gate electrode layer having a nano-crystalline structure disposed on the gate insulating layer and a word line on the gate electrode layer in the at least one trench. The device may further include a capping layer on the word line.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device having a buried word line structure in which a gate electrode and a word line may be buried within a substrate to reduce the height of the semiconductor device and to reduce the degradation of the oxide layer caused by chlorine ions from the application of a TiN metal gate, and a method of fabricating the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device may comprise a semiconductor substrate defined by a device isolation layer and comprising an active region including a trench and one or more recess channels, a gate isolation layer on the surface of the trench, a gate electrode layer on the surface of the gate isolation layer, and a word line by which the trench may be buried on the surface of the gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A broadcast display apparatus for simultaneously displaying a plurality of application windows and a control method thereof are provided. The broadcast display apparatus includes a display unit which simultaneously displays a plurality of application windows on a single screen, and a controller which controls a plurality of identifiers, assigned respectively to each of the plurality of application windows, to be displayed.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device is provided, comprising forming a plurality of hard masks on a substrate by patterning an insulating layer; forming a plurality of trenches in the substrate, each trench having trench walls disposed between two adjacent masks and extending vertically from a bottom portion to an upper portion; forming an insulating layer on the hard masks and the trench walls; forming a conductive layer on the insulating layer; etching the conductive layer to form conductive layer patterns to fill the bottom portions of the trenches; depositing a buffer layer on the conductive layer patterns and the trench walls; and filling the upper portions of the trenches with a capping layer.

Abstract: A recess gate of a semiconductor device is provided, comprising: a substrate having a recess formed therein; a metal layer formed at the bottom of the recess; a polysilicon layer formed over the metal layer; and a source region and a drain region formed adjacent to the polysilicon layer and spaced from the metal layer.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a non-volatile semiconductor memory device and method of forming the same. The non-volatile memory device may include a tunnel insulation layer on a semiconductor substrate, a charge storage layer on the tunnel insulation layer, a first blocking insulation layer on the charge storage layer, and a gate electrode on the first blocking insulation layer, wherein the gate electrode includes aluminum and the first blocking insulation layer does not include aluminum.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides for inhibiting mdm2 (mouse double minute 2) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first gate structure on a first region of a substrate, the first gate structure including sequentially formed a first insulating layer pattern, a first conductive layer pattern, and a first polysilicon layer pattern doped with first impurities of a first conductivity type, a first source/drain in the first region of the substrate doped with second impurities of a second conductivity type, a second gate structure on a second region of the substrate, the second gate structure including sequentially formed a second insulating layer pattern, a second conductive layer pattern, and a second polysilicon layer pattern doped with third impurities with the first conductivity type, and a second source/drain in the second region of the substrate doped with fourth impurities having a conductivity type opposite the second conductivity.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device having a buried word line structure in which a gate electrode and a word line may be buried within a substrate to reduce the height of the semiconductor device and to reduce the degradation of the oxide layer caused by chlorine ions from the application of a TiN metal gate, and a method of fabricating the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device may comprise a semiconductor substrate defined by a device isolation layer and comprising an active region including a trench and one or more recess channels, a gate isolation layer on the surface of the trench, a gate electrode layer on the surface of the gate isolation layer, and a word line by which the trench may be buried on the surface of the gate electrode layer.