Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases. A process is provided whereby hydroxynitrile lyases may be produced by cultivation in bacteria or suitable host cells. Cells containing a gene encoding for a hydroxynitrile lyase may be precultivated, induced with a low concentration of IPTG, cultured, and lysed. The process allows for the production of relatively large quantities of hydroxynitrile lyases in a dissolved, native, and active form, and without the presence of substantial amounts of inclusion bodies, and thus allowing for the production of the lyases without requiring expensive and time consuming renaturation steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases.

Abstract: An instrument for surgical purposes, especially for coagulation, is proposed. This instrument has at least one arm, the tips of the arms having electrical contact regions which can be electrically connected to a control unit for touching a tissue for the purpose of coagulation. The contact regions are formed from doped diamond to produce the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: An instrument for surgical purposes, especially for coagulation, is proposed. This instrument has at least one arm (2), the tips (4) of the arms having electrical contact regions (6, 7), which can be electrically connected to a control unit (12), for touching a tissue (13) for the purpose of coagulation. The contact regions are formed from doped diamond to produce the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: (S)-Hydroxynitrile lyases which have an improved substrate acceptance and which are derived from the Hevea brasiliensis and Manihot esculenta (S)-hydroxynitrile lyases, wherein one or more bulky amino acid residues within the hydrophobic channel leading to the active center have been replaced with less bulky amino acid residues.

Abstract: A method for producing (S)-cyanohydrins of general formula ##STR1## in which R and R' independently represent (1) hydrogen; (2) a substituted or unsubstituted saturated alkyl group which may include amine, imine, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, carboxyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl groups and/or a N,O,S-heteroatom-substituted aromatic ring as substituent; (3) a substituted or unsubstituted, singly or multiply unsaturated alkenyl- or alkinyl group which may include one or several amine, imine, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, carboxyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl groups and/or one optionally N,O,S-heteroatom-substituted aromatic ring as substituents; (4) a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group.

Abstract: A combustible fuel vapor/steam mixture is fed to a piston engine through an injection valve (12). The mixture is generated by feeding water through a water pump (5) and magnetic valve into a vaporizer (1) which makes superheated steam and feeding liquid fuel through a fuel pump (4) and magnetic valve for injection into the superheated steam. The resulting mixture can be finely adjusted by an electronic control (32) which regulates the pumps and valves. The injection valve (12) injects the mixture into pre-compressed combustion air in the cylinder, and the electronic control adjusts the injection period according to the desired engine power and speed. Preferably, the injection valve closes as soon as compression pressure equals vapor mixture pressure, but the injection period is varied by changing the opening instant of the valve. The valve opens at crank angle GAMMA.sub.a and closes at angle GAMMA.sub.z. As engine speed increases, injection time is held constant by setting opening angle GAMMA.sub.

Abstract: A ceramic heat transfer device with a heat transfer matrix. The matrix includes gas ducts and fluid ducts which are arranged close to and parallel to each other. Inlet and outlet openings are provided in the boundary wall of the hear transfer matrix to facilitate the inlet and outlet of material. Fluid inlet and outlet slots are provided on both sides of the heat transfer matrix and boundary walls cover guide pockets. This arrangement allows the medium connections to be independent of the dimensions of the heat transfer matrix and provides for guidance of the medium, or material. the ends of the enlarged area of the guide pockets that connect the openings are arranged so that connection nipples are provided for connecting fluid pipes. Gas and fluid webs are provided in slot-like gas and liquid conduits for guidance of gas and fluid.

Abstract: Hot effluent gas from a burner or combustor passes over a pair of nested helical coils forming a steam generator 1 and a vapor mixing conduit 2. Liquid fuel is injected at 12 into a stream of superheated steam and vaporizes. The resulting mixture is combustible. In order to meter small amounts of fuel and water at constant pressure for fine adjustment of the fuel/water ratio in the vaporized mixture, a geared pump 15, 16 is provided in each of the water supply line 6 and the fuel supply line 7, feeding a respective injection tube or nozzle 11, 12. The injection tubes terminate respectively in the steam generator 1 and in the water vapor conduit 3, in a hot zone produced by the hot effluent gas. Preferably, magnetic valves 17, 18 are provided, downstream of each of pumps 15, 16, and are controlled as to frequency and opening time by a central control unit 19.

Abstract: Production of oxides of nitrogen during combustion of liquid fuel can be reduced by burning at relatively low temperatures of about 1400.degree. C., by first producing a special combustible gaseous mixture of superheated steam, fuel vapor, and combustion air. Water is fed (9) to the apparatus in quantities of about 2 to 4 parts for each part of fuel (10). Then the fuel is vaporized (8) in a stream of the superheated steam. This avoids fuel cracking and formation of long-chain hydrocarbons. Preheated air (13,14,15) is added (17) in slightly over stoichiometric proportions. The resulting mixture is burned (2) and the hot effluent is used to heat the evaporator (6,7,8) and the air preheating chamber (15), with a bypass (20) equipped with a throttle (22) being used for regulation of evaporator temperature. For start-up, an external hot air source (23) or electric heat (24) can be used. The remaining heat in the effluent can be captured in a conventional heat exchanger.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having combustion chambers with ceramic linings. These ceramic linings have webs between inner and outer surfaces for forming sealed cavities therein.

Abstract: Liquid fuel and water pressurized by fuel and water pumps are forced into a aporizer which is heated by hot exhaust gases of a piston engine. The resulting vapor mixture is blown into the combustion chamber of a cylinder head of the engine at a speed up to that of sound near the end of the engine's compression stroke where it mixed with precompressed air. The resulting explosive mixture is ignited by self-ignition or by spark plug and the water vapor content mixed with the fuel vapor lowers the combustion temperature, resulting in a significant reduction of nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gases. The ratio of water vapor to fuel vapor is preferably 1:1 to 3:1 and the temperature at which the vapor mixture is introduced into the cylinder is above the dew point of the fuel in the fuel vapor and water vapor mixture. The mixture of fuel with air is approximately stoichiometric. Diesel oil is useable, and also such bio-mass fuels as vegetable oils.

Abstract: A vaporizer for liquid fuel for producing a fuel-air mixture including a orization member for the fuel and which is arranged within a flow chamber for combustion air. The surface of the vaporization member which is streamed against by the combustion air is moistened with fuel. The vaporizer incorporates a vaporizing member arranged within a flow chamber for combustion air, wherein the vaporizing member includes a rotatable or circulating filling or charge of balls whose temperature can be adjusted through heat conduction received from the walls of the flow chamber. Thereby, through the revolving or circulation of the ball filling, and the heat transfer to the balls which are currently at the edge of the ball filling in heat-conductive communication with the temperature-regulated walls of the flow chamber, there takes place a rapid and uniform heating of the ball filling.

Abstract: A ceramic burner head in which the burner mouth is formed from a unitary porous ceramic body with parallel slits defining fuel-permeable walls between and which is bonded to upper, lower and lateral ceramic plates forming the burner body. The ceramic piece is bonded to the plates in a gas-tight manner.

Abstract: A process and an arrangement for the formation of an ignitable mixture from iquid fuel and combustion air, wherein preheated combustion air is conducted with a flow chamber along a surface which is moistened with fuel for take-up of fuel. In the process and arrangement, combustion air is conveyed into the flow chamber in the flow direction of the fuel which streams off the surface moistened by the fuel under the effect of gravity. Achieved hereby is an intensive contacting between the combustion air and the fuel. The fuel is dosed in excess so as to constantly afford a sufficient quantity of fuel for vaporization. During the through flow of the combustion air, there is formed, in the contact with the fuel, a saturated fuel-air mixture in conformance with the temperature of the preheated combustion air and the temperature of the fuel.

Abstract: Ceramic components of a burner-heat exchanger or like types, in which two fluids are passed in indirect heat exchange along opposite sides of ceramic walls through respective passages in a ceramic body defining these walls and passages, are interconnected by extending the outer plates within which the ceramic body is enclosed at each end of each pair of components to be joined so that the extensions can be connected together, e.g. with a sleeve and between the ceramic bodies, chambers can be formed.

Abstract: A heating system for supplying utility water and a heating fluid for space heating purposes comprises a unit fired by a burner and having a recuperator traversed by the combustion gases and forming a first zone for heating the space-heating fluid and a second zone for heating the utility water. According to the invention, a heat exchanger is provided along the path of the utility water delivered from the second zone to a reserve tank and the heat exchanger is connected in a bypass across the feed and return lines of the heating fluid circulating path. A control responsive to the temperature in the tank regulates the flow through the bypass while a further temperature control responsive to the feed side temperature of the space-heating circulation path controls the fuel supplied to the burner and the rate of combustion gas flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of liquid uel and combustion air, which includes a closed combustion chamber for the infeed of the fuel with porous walls permeable to the fuel. The combustion chamber is arranged within a flow chamber which is streamed through by preheated combustion air flowing towards the combustion zone.

Abstract: A fluid-heating apparatus comprises a ceramic burner head formed with narrow passages which alternate with one another for fuel and a combustion sustaining medium such as air, the slit-like passages opening into a combustion chamber at which combustion of the fuel/air mixture occurs. Downstream of this combustion chamber is a ceramic recuperator likewise formed with slit-like passages, the hot combustion gases traversing some of these recuperator passages while the fluid medium to be heated is passed through others of these passages so that heat exchange is effected through the thin ceramic walls supporting the slit-like passages of the ceramic recuperator.

Abstract: Burners operating with combustion air as the combustion-sustaining gas and a fuel, generally a vaporizable liquid fuel, have at least one ceramic body formed with passages for these two fluids allowing heat exchange through the walls separating these passages. According to the invention, these walls are porous so that fuel in the fuel passage can traverse the wall into an adjoining air passage by evaporization on the surface. The combustion air can be heated by recuperative heat exchange from exhaust gases of the combustion chamber. Burner heads of this type can be paired in mirror-symmetrical relationship.