Abstract: A coating film evaluation structure includes a laminate including a first sheet, a second sheet, and a third sheet which are laminated. The second sheet is disposed on the first sheet, and the third sheet is disposed on the second sheet. In the laminate, the area of each sheet gradually reduces in the lamination direction, and a stepped portion is provided at an end portion. The coating film to be evaluated and the plurality of sheets have different colors. The coating film evaluation structure includes a coating film layer formed on the sheet having the largest area among the plurality of sheets so as to cover the other sheets and having a flat surface.

Abstract: A coating material is allowed to contain a sulfate having a higher degree of solubility in water than that of calcium sulfate. The sulfate is an additive for coating materials which is used for reducing the consumption of zinc (including zinc oxide) in a coating film formed from the coating material and the corrosion of a base material when the coating film is scratched. The content of the sulfate can be 0.004 to 0.65 mol per 100 g of the content of zinc. Alternatively, the content of the sulfate may be 0.006 to 0.186 mol per 100 g of a heating residue (except for the sulfate added) of a coating film.

Abstract: A power converter comprising: a power conversion circuit to convert an input power into a direct current power or an alternating current power; a base member made of resin on which the power conversion circuit is mounted; a cover member, wherein the power conversion circuit is housed between the cover member and the base member; a coolant flow path provided in an interior of the base member, through which a coolant for cooling the power conversion circuit is circulated; and a temperature sensor provided on the base member, to sense the temperature of the coolant circulating through the coolant flow path, wherein the temperature sensor has a conductive member including at least a thermistor, and at least a part of the conductive member is surrounded by a resin wall formed of an insulating material.

Abstract: A power converter (100) includes a power converter circuit (1), a cooler (2), and a cover member (3). The power converter circuit is configured to convert input electric power into DC power or AC power. The power converter circuit is placed on the cooler. The cooler is configured to cool the power converter. The power converter circuit is housed between the cooler and the cover member. The cooler (2) includes a main body (20), a coolant flow passage (21), and a coolant input/output portion (22). The coolant flow passage is formed inside the main body. A coolant is circulatable through the coolant flow passage. The coolant input/output portion is coupled to the coolant flow passage. The coolant input/output portion includes a coolant introduction pipe (22a) and a coolant discharge pipe (22b). The coolant introduction pipe introduces the coolant from outside the cooler. The coolant discharge pipe discharges the coolant to outside the cooler. The coolant input/output portion (22) is joined to the main body.

Abstract: A power converter comprising: a power conversion circuit to convert an input power into a direct current power or an alternating current power; a base member made of resin on which the power conversion circuit is mounted; a cover member, wherein the power conversion circuit is housed between the cover member and the base member; a coolant flow path provided in an interior of the base member, through which a coolant for cooling the power conversion circuit is circulated; and a temperature sensor provided on the base member, to sense the temperature of the coolant circulating through the coolant flow path, wherein the temperature sensor has a conductive member including at least a thermistor, and at least a part of the conductive member is surrounded by a resin wall formed of an insulating material.

Abstract: A power converter includes a power converter circuit, a cooler, and a cover member. The power converter circuit is configured to convert input electric power into DC or AC power and is placed on the cooler configured to cool the power converter. The power converter circuit is housed between the cooler and the cover member. The cooler includes a main body, a coolant flow passage, and a coolant input/output portion. The coolant flow passage through which a coolant is circulatable is formed inside the main body. The coolant input/output portion is coupled to the coolant flow passage and includes a coolant introduction pipe that introduces the coolant from outside the cooler and a coolant discharge pipe that discharges the coolant to outside the cooler. The coolant input/output portion is joined to the main body. The joined part has a joining strength lower than a strength of the main body.

Abstract: At ends of a frame in an axial direction of a developing roller, a first end portion member and a second end portion member are provided so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis parallel to the axial direction, and at least one of them has one side in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a force receiving portion is provided, and another side in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a regulating portion is provided. The force receiving portion receives a biasing force in a mounting direction of the developing apparatus to the apparatus main body from a biasing member. The regulating portion is brought into contact with the apparatus main body to regulate movement of the other side relative to the apparatus main body in a direction opposite to the mounting direction, with a fulcrum being the rotation axis.

Abstract: At ends of a frame in an axial direction of a developing roller, a first end portion member and a second end portion member are provided so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis parallel to the axial direction, and at least one of them has one side in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a force receiving portion is provided, and another side in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a regulating portion is provided. The force receiving portion receives a biasing force in a mounting direction of the developing apparatus to the apparatus main body from a biasing member. The regulating portion is brought into contact with the apparatus main body to regulate movement of the other side relative to the apparatus main body in a direction opposite to the mounting direction, with a fulcrum being the rotation axis.

Abstract: A second conveying member is disposed upstream of a first conveying member in a rotation direction of a conveyance shaft in a state in which a fixed end of the second conveying member and a fixed end of the first conveying member overlap each other. In a first position, a second position, and a third position that sequentially distance away from a drive transmission member in an axial direction of the conveyance shaft, a free end of the first conveying member and a free end of the second conveying member sequentially becomes larger as well.

Abstract: A second conveying member is disposed upstream of a first conveying member in a rotation direction of a conveyance shaft in a state in which a fixed end of the second conveying member and a fixed end of the first conveying member overlap each other. In a first position, a second position, and a third position that sequentially distance away from a drive transmission member in an axial direction of the conveyance shaft, a free end of the first conveying member and a free end of the second conveying member sequentially becomes larger as well.

Abstract: At ends of a frame in an axial direction of a developing roller, a first end portion member and a second end portion member are provided so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis parallel to the axial direction, and at least one of them has one side in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a force receiving portion is provided, and another side in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis on which a regulating portion is provided. The force receiving portion receives biasing force in a mounting direction of the developing apparatus to the apparatus main body from a biasing member. The regulating portion is brought into contact with the apparatus main body to regulate movement of the other side relative to the apparatus main body in a direction opposite to the mounting direction, with a fulcrum being the rotation axis.