Abstract: A three-stage carrier is transported to an irradiation room by transporting means and is irradiated with gamma ray sources installed on ray source rack such that a product loaded therein is treated. The three-stage carrier includes a central container in a center of the three-stage carrier; an upper container formed on the central container; and a lower container formed under the central container. Here, the central container, the upper container, and the lower container are partitioned by septum, a height of the three-stage carrier is greater than a height of the ray source lack, and the central container has a height greater than a height of the upper container or a height of upper container.

Abstract: A memory system may include a test vector generator configured for generating a test vector to be written into a memory device, a data discrepancy checker configured for comparing read data outputted from the memory device with the test vector to generate an information signal corresponding to a comparison between the read data and the test vector, an error correction code (ECC) controller configured for performing an ECC encoding operation and an ECC decoding operation according to any one among a plurality of ECC levels based on a control signal, and a memory controller controlling the test vector generator, the data discrepancy checker and the ECC controller. The memory controller configured to transmit the control signal corresponding to an error rate of the memory device to the ECC controller, based on the information signal generated by the data discrepancy checker.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a secondary battery, built in a battery case, having an electrode assembly impregnated with an electrolyte solution, the method including: (a) injecting an electrolyte solution into a chamber; (b) impregnating by soaking an electrode assembly, which has a separator interposed between a cathode and an anode, in an electrolyte solution contained in the chamber; and (c) moving into the electrode assembly from step (b) with the electrolyte solution into a battery case, whereby interfacial wetting of the electrode assembly and the electrolyte solution is improved. A secondary battery manufactured according to the method may have improved electrolyte solution impregnation properties, ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity and the like and, as such, may have improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concepts provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and a cleaning composition for an adhesive layer. The method includes preparing a semiconductor substrate to which an adhesive layer adheres, removing the adhesive layer from the semiconductor substrate, and applying a cleaning composition to the semiconductor substrate to remove a residue of the adhesive layer. The cleaning composition includes a solvent including a ketone compound and having a content that is equal to or greater than 40 wt % and less than 90 wt %, quaternary ammonium salt, and primary amine.

Abstract: A memory system may include a test vector generator configured for generating a test vector to be written into a memory device, a data discrepancy checker configured for comparing read data outputted from the memory device with the test vector to generate an information signal corresponding to a comparison between the read data and the test vector, an error correction code (ECC) controller configured for performing an ECC encoding operation and an ECC decoding operation according to any one among a plurality of ECC levels based on a control signal, and a memory controller controlling the test vector generator, the data discrepancy checker and the ECC controller. The memory controller configured to transmit the control signal corresponding to an error rate of the memory device to the ECC controller, based on the information signal generated by the data discrepancy checker.

Abstract: A semiconductor system includes a controller. The controller is configured to have a write buffer that stores first write data outputted from a host before the first write data is written into a memory circuit. The controller is configured to write the first write data stored in the write buffer into the memory circuit under a first condition and configured to double-write the first write data stored in the write buffer into the memory circuit under a second condition.

Abstract: An error correction code (ECC) decoder includes a finite state machine (FSM) controller and a shared logic circuit. The FSM controller generates a first control signal and a second control signal each corresponding to a certain state. The shared logic circuit includes a plurality of shared Galois field (GF) multipliers, a plurality of shared XOR arithmetic elements, and a plurality of shared multiplexers (MUXs), which are used for an operation selected between a syndrome operation, an error location polynomial operation, an error location operation and an error correction operation, in response to the first and second control signals.

Abstract: An error correction apparatus may be provided. The error correction apparatus may be configured to perform a scrambling operation before an error correction code (ECC) operation is performed.

Abstract: A multi-stack graphene structure includes a graphene stack that includes graphene layers including amorphous graphene and thin film dielectric layers. The graphene layers include amorphous graphene. The graphene layers and the thin dielectric layers are alternately stacked on one another. The multi-stack graphene structure also includes an electric field former configured to apply an electric field to the graphene layers.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium battery includes an organic solvent; and a compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, X1 to X4, A1 to A4, and R1 to R4 are further defined in the specification.

Abstract: Piperidino-dihydrothienopyrimidine sulfoxides of formula I wherein: Ring A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally comprising one or two nitrogen atoms and R is Cl and is located in the para-, meta-, or ortho-position of Ring A, S* is a sulphur atom that represents a chiral center, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers and racemates, hydrates and solvates thereof and the use of these compounds for the treatment of inflammatory or allergic diseases of the respiratory tract such as COPD or asthma.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a secondary battery, built in a battery case, having an electrode assembly impregnated with an electrolyte solution, the method including: (a) injecting an electrolyte solution as a target into a chamber equipped with a vibrating probe; (b) impregnating by soaking an electrode assembly, which has a separator interposed between a cathode and an anode, in an electrolyte solution contained in the chamber; (c) applying vibration at a frequency of 20 to 100 kHz of to the electrolyte solution with the vibrating probe; and (d) moving the electrode assembly with the electrolyte solution into a battery case, whereby interfacial wetting of the electrode assembly and the electrolyte solution is improved. A secondary battery manufactured according to the method may have improved electrolyte solution impregnation properties, ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity and the like and, as such, may have improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a secondary battery wherein an electrode assembly impregnated with an electrolytic solution is embedded in a battery case, wherein interfacial contact properties (i.e. wetting) of the electrode assembly and the electrolytic solution are improved through a process including: (a) impregnating an electrode assembly having a separator interposed between a cathode and an anode with an electrolytic solution; and (b) applying vibration having a frequency of 20 to 100 kHz to an electrolytic solution with which the electrode assembly is impregnated. A secondary battery manufactured according to the method may have improved ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity and the like and, as such, may have improved electrochemical performance.

Abstract: Piperidino-dihydrothienopyrimidine sulfoxides of formula I wherein: Ring A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally comprising one or two nitrogen atoms and R is Cl and is located in the para-, meta-, or ortho-position of Ring A, S* is a sulphur atom that represents a chiral center, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers and racemates, hydrates and solvates thereof and the use of these compounds for the treatment of inflammatory or allergic diseases of the respiratory tract such as COPD or asthma.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, comprising at least one selected from compounds represented by the following formula 1, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. LixMo4?yMyO6?zAz??(1) wherein 0?x?2, 0?y?0.5, 0?z?0.5, M is a metal or transition metal cation having an oxidation number of +2 to +4, and A is a negative monovalent or negative bivalent anion.

Abstract: Methods for controlling a Methods for controlling a valve disposed at an engine of a vehicle are disclosed. In one form of the disclosure, the method includes: determining whether an engine is an idle state; measuring a fuel pressure of the engine when the engine is the idle state; comparing the measured fuel pressure with a first threshold value; and operating the valve by applying a current to a valve operation coil when the measured fuel pressure is equal to or less than the first threshold value for a predetermined time or longer.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and controlling method thereof are disclosed, by which restoration and backup operations are performed for the mobile terminal. For example, the mobile terminal includes a controller performing a backup operation and a restoration operation on the mobile terminal, the controller including an application module for activating a backup restoration application and at least one or more applications; and a Linux kernel module for managing a basic hardware function of the mobile terminal, the Linux kernel module including a backup restoration service unit having an access authority for accessing a file system of each of the at least one or more applications, wherein the backup restoration application accesses the file system of each of the at least one or more applications and then performs the backup and restoration operations on data of each of the at least one or more applications.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery including the electrolyte. The electrolyte is employed in the lithium battery so as to improve cycle characteristics of the lithium battery that is operable at high voltages.

Abstract: The laundry treating apparatus includes a door to open and close the introduction port about a first rotational or a second rotational axis which is different from first rotational axis. A first switching unit is provided in the door to allow rotation of door about the first rotational axis, and a second switching unit is provided in the door to allow rotation of the door about the second rotational axis. A lock fixes a position of at least one of the first switching unit or second switching unit when the door opens the introduction port. A damper is also provided. As can be appreciated, the mechanism used for the laundry apparatus may be applicable to other home appliances or non-home appliances where two different rotational axes may be needed to open and close a door.

Abstract: Piperidino-dihydrothienopyrimidine sulfoxides of formula I wherein: Ring A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally comprising one or two nitrogen atoms and R is Cl and is located in the para-, meta-, or ortho-position of Ring A, S* is a sulphur atom that represents a chiral center, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers and racemates, hydrates and solvates thereof and the use of these compounds for the treatment of inflammatory or allergic diseases of the respiratory tract such as COPD or asthma.