Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating obesity in a subject by administering to the subject a compound having the formula: wherein n is from 0 to 8; R1 is CH2OH, CH(OH)R5, CH2OR5, CO2R5, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR5, C(O)NR5R6, C(O)NHNH2, C(O)NHNHR5, C(O)NHNR5R6, C(O)NR5NH2, C(O)NR5NHR6, C(O)NR5NR6R7, C(O)NHNH(C(O)R5), C(O)NHNR5(C(O)R6), C(O)NR5NH(C(O)R6), C(O)NR5NR6(C(O)R7), CN, or C(O)R5; R2 is H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, YH, YR8, YR8R9, YR8YR9YR10, YC(O)R8, C(O)YR8, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR8, C(O)NR8R9, NH2, NHR8, NR8R9, NHC(O)R8, or NR8C(O)R9; R3 and R4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, halogens, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, OH, OR10, NH2, NHR10, NR10R11, NHC(O)R10, or NR10C(O)R11; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted aryl and substituted aryl; R12 is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted alkyl, and substitu

Abstract: A method of preventing drug use relapse by administering an effective amount of an ?3?4 nicotinic antagonist to a mammal after an initial period of drug use, and preventing a relapse of drug use. A method of preventing drug use relapse due to cue inducement by administering an effective amount of an ?3?4 nicotinic antagonist to a mammal after an initial period of drug use, and preventing a relapse of drug use during cue inducement. A method of preventing drug use relapse due to cue inducement by modulating the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway by blocking ?3?4 nicotinic receptors in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway and the basolateral amygdala of a mammal after an initial period of drug use, and preventing a relapse of drug use during cue inducement. A method of preventing drug use relapse by preventing a relapse of drug use during cue inducement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating obesity in a subject by administering to the subject a compound having the formula: wherein n is from 0 to 8; R1 is CH2OH, CH(OH)R5, CH2OR5, CO2R5, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR5, C(O)NR5R6, C(O)NHNH2, C(O)NHNHR5, C(O)NHNR5R6, C(O)NR5NH2, C(O)NR5NHR6, C(O)NR5NR6R7, C(O)NHNH(C(O)R5), C(O)NHNR5(C(O)R6), C(O)NR5NH(C(O)R6), C(O)NR5NR6(C(O)R7), CN, or C(O)R5; R2 is H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, YH, YR8, YR8R9, YR8YR9YR10, YC(O)R8, C(O)YR8, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR8, C(O)NR8R9, NH2, NHR8, NR8R9, NHC(O)R8, or NR8C(O)R9; R3 and R4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, halogens, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, OH, OR NH2, NHR10, NR10R11, NHC(O)R10, or NR10C(O)R11; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted aryl and substituted aryl; R12 is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted

Abstract: A method for treating an addiction disorder (such as an addiction to or dependency on stimulants, nicotine, morphine, heroin, other opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, and/or alcohol) in a patient is disclosed. The method includes administering to the patient a first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and administering to the patient a second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist. The second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist is different than the first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist, and the first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and the second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist are administered simultaneously or non-simultaneously. Compositions which include a first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and a second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist are also described.

Abstract: A method for treating an addiction disorder (such as an addiction to or dependency on stimulants, nicotine, morphine, heroin, other opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, and/or alcohol) in a patient is disclosed. The method includes administering to the patient a first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and administering to the patient a second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist. The second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist is different than the first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist, and the first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and the second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist are administered simultaneously or non-simultaneously. Compositions which include a first &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and a second &agr;3&bgr;4 nicotinic receptor antagonist are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds having formula (1), wherein n is from 0 to 8; R1 is CH2OH, CH(OH)R5, CH2OR5, CO2R5, C(O)NH2, C(I)NHR5, C(O)NR5R6, C(O)NHNH2, C(O)NHNHR5, C(O)NHNR5R6, C(O)NR5NH2, C(O)NR5NHR6, C(O)NR5NR6R7, C(O)NHNH(C(O)R5), C(O)NHNR5(C(O)R6) C(O)NR5NH(C(O)R6), C(O)NR5NR6(C(O)R7), CN, or C(O)R5; R2 is H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, YH, YR8, YC(O)R8, C(O)YR8, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR8, C(O)NR8R9, NH2, NHR8, NR8R9, NHC(O)R8, or NR8C(O)R9; R3 and R4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, halogens, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, OH, OR10, NH2, NHR10, NR10R11, NHC(O)R10, or NR10C(O)R11; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted alkyl and substituted alkyl and substituted alkyl; R12 is selected from the group consisting of J, unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted alkyl; and Y is O or S; provided that when n is O, R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, substituted

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating nicotine addiction. The method involves administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C6 alkyl;R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl;R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, C1 to C6 alkanoyl, C3 to C6 cycloalkanoyl, and pyridinecarbonyl;Q is a bivalent alkylene moiety; andY is selected from the group consisting of a halo-(C2 to C6)-alkenyl moiety having 1 or 2 chlorine or bromine atoms attached to the ethylenic carbon, a cycloalkyl moiety, a cyano moiety, and a cyano-(C3 to C6)-alkenyl moietyor a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transgenic mouse which exhibits a circling phenotype as a result of insertional mutagenesis. The insertional mutant was caused by introducing genetic material into the genome of the mouse, or an ancestor thereof, at an embryonic stage. The genetic material appears to alter or disrupt an endogenous genetic locus affecting motor function, resulting in the mutation. More particularly, transgenic mouse lines were made by microinjection of about 24 kb XhoI genomic DNA fragment containing the mouse Ren-2.sup.d renin gene into BCF.sub.1, fertilized eggs. One transgenic mouse line, designated TgX15 (also known as chakragati mice), bred to homozygosity was found to exhibit a circling phenotype. The transgenic mouse line TgX15 may be an important resource for investigating the molecular genetic mechanisms that determine specific aspects of brain function and behavior.