Abstract: A process comprising a) contacting (i) ethylene, (ii) a catalyst system comprising 1) a heteroatomic ligand iron salt complex, or a heteroatomic ligand and an iron salt, (iii) hydrogen, and (iv) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product wherein 1) the oligomer product has a Schulz-Flory K value from 0.4 to 0.8 and 2) the oligomer product comprises (a) less than 1 wt. % of polymer, (b) less than 1 wt. % compounds having greater than 70 carbon atoms, (c) less than 1 wt. % compounds having a weight average molecular weight of greater than 1000 g/mol, or (d) any combination thereof wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the oligomer product.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and ii) an aluminoxane. Ethylene can be contacted with an organic reaction medium to form an ethylene feedstock mixture prior to contact with the catalyst system. The ethylene feedstock mixture can be contacted with the catalyst system inside or outside of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising a heteroatomic ligand chromium compound complex of the type disclosed herein, and ii) an aluminoxane. A C3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

Abstract: A composition comprising an N2-phosphinylamidine chromium salt complex having Structure FNPACr I: wherein CrXp is a chromium salt where X is a monoanion and p is an integer from 2 to 6. A process comprising a) contacting i) ethylene, and ii) a catalyst system comprising an N2-phosphinylamidine chromium salt complex having Structure FNPACr I: wherein CrXp is a chromium salt where X is a monoanion and p is an integer from 2 to 6; and b) forming an oligomer product in a reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and processes which prevent fouling of a reactor inlet of an oligomerization reactor. The systems and processes involve placement of an inlet sleeve around at least a portion of a reactor inlet such that a curtain of inert material flows through an annular space coaxially with respect to an outer surface of the end of the reactor inlet and into the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for oligomerizing ethylene by contacting a catalyst system, ethylene, and optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone, wherein the catalyst system comprises: a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, and/or an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, and an aluminoxane; wherein the aluminoxane is characterized by 400 MHz proton NMR in which: (a) the ratio of peaks found in the range of ?0.86 ppm to ?0.74 ppm to peaks found in a range of ?0.03 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 2.8:1; (b) the ratio of peaks found in the range of ?0.03 ppm to 0.025 ppm to peaks found in a range of 0.025 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 15:1; and/or (c) the ratio of peaks found in a range of ?0.86 ppm to ?0.78 ppm to peaks found in the range of ?0.78 ppm to ?0.74 ppm is less than or equal to 6.5:1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a process which generally includes contacting i) a monomer or mixture of monomers, ii) a haloaluminate ionic liquid, and iii) one or more halide components in a reaction zone, and oligomerizing the monomer or mixture of monomers in the reaction zone to form an oligomer product. The combination of the haloaluminate ionic liquid and halide component can constitute a catalyst system which is used in embodiments of the process to produce the oligomer product.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for producing normal alpha olefins, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene, in a multistep synthesis scheme. Generally, a first normal alpha olefin is subjected to an olefin metathesis step to form a linear internal olefin, which is then subjected to an isomerization-hydroformylation step to form a linear aldehyde, which is then subjected to a dehydroformylation step to form a second normal alpha olefin.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and ii) an aluminoxane. Ethylene can be contacted with an organic reaction medium to form an ethylene feedstock mixture prior to contact with the catalyst system. The ethylene feedstock mixture can be contacted with the catalyst system inside or outside of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising a heteroatomic ligand chromium compound complex of the type disclosed herein, and ii) an aluminoxane. A C3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for producing normal alpha olefins, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene in a multistep synthesis scheme from another normal alpha olefin. Also disclosed are reactions for converting aldehydes, primary alcohols, and terminal vicinal diols into normal alpha olefins.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions for the conversion of aldehyde compounds and primary alcohol compounds to olefins are disclosed herein. Reactions include oxidative dehydroxymethylation processes and oxidative dehydroformylation methods, which are beneficially conducted in the presence of a sacrificial acceptor of H2 gas, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system comprising (a) a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and (b) an aluminoxane. A C3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system comprising (a) a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, or any combination thereof, and (b) an aluminoxane. A C3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst system comprising (i) a heterocyclic 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl]imine transition metal compound complex having Structure I wherein T is oxygen or sulfur, R1 and R2 are each independently a C1 to C20 organyl group consisting essentially of inert functional groups, R3 is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 organyl group, L is a C1 to C20 organylene group consisting essentially of inert functional groups, MXp represents a transition metal compound where M is a transition metal, X is a monoanion, and p is an integer from 1 to 6, Q is a neutral ligand, and q ranges from 0 to 6, and (ii) an organoaluminum compound. Also disclosed herein is a process comprising contacting (i) ethylene, (ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) a heterocyclic transition metal compound complex having Structure I as described herein and (b) an organoaluminum compound, and (iii) optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and processes which prevent fouling of a reactor inlet of an oligomerization reactor. The systems and processes involve placement of an inlet sleeve around at least a portion of a reactor inlet such that a curtain of inert material flows through an annular space coaxially with respect to an outer surface of the end of the reactor inlet and into the reactor.

Abstract: A composition comprising a perfluoro-N2-phosphinylamidine chromium salt complex having Structure PFAHNPACr I: wherein Rf1 is a substituted phenyl group comprising alkyl groups at the 2 and 6 positions and at least one fluoro group or perfluoroalkyl group at the 3, 4, and/or 5 positions, R2 is a C1 to C30 organyl group, R4 and R5 are each independently a C1 to C30 organyl group, and CrXp is a chromium salt where X is a monoanion, and p is an integer from 2 to 6.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for producing normal alpha olefins, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene, in a multistep synthesis scheme. Generally, a first normal alpha olefin is subjected to an olefin metathesis step to form a linear internal olefin, which is then subjected to an isomerization-hydroformylation step to form a linear aldehyde, which is then subjected to a dehydroformylation step to form a second normal alpha olefin.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising i) a 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine transition metal compound complex and ii) an organoaluminum compound. A process comprising contacting i) ethylene, ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) a 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine transition metal compound complex, and (b) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for oligomerizing ethylene by contacting a catalyst system, ethylene, and optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone, wherein the catalyst system comprises: a chromium component comprising an N2-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N2-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, and/or an N2-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, and an aluminoxane; wherein the aluminoxane is characterized by 400 MHz proton NMR in which: (a) the ratio of peaks found in the range of ?0.86 ppm to ?0.74 ppm to peaks found in a range of ?0.03 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 2.8:1; (b) the ratio of peaks found in the range of ?0.03 ppm to 0.025 ppm to peaks found in a range of 0.025 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 15:1; and/or (c) the ratio of peaks found in a range of ?0.86 ppm to ?0.78 ppm to peaks found in the range of ?0.78 ppm to ?0.74 ppm is less than or equal to 6.5:1.