Abstract: A light emitting element according to the present disclosure includes a first light reflecting layer 41, a laminated structure 20, and a second light reflecting layer 42 laminated to each other. The laminated structure 20 includes a first compound semiconductor layer 21, a light emitting layer 23, and a second compound semiconductor layer 22 laminated to each other from a side of the first light reflecting layer. Light from the laminated structure 20 is emitted to an outside via the first light reflecting layer 41 or the second light reflecting layer 42. The first light reflecting layer 41 has a structure in which at least two types of thin films 41A and 41B are alternately laminated to each other in plural numbers. A film thickness modulating layer 80 is provided between the laminated structure 20 and the first light reflecting layer 41.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes: a laminated structure 20 obtained by laminating a first compound semiconductor layer 21, an active layer 23, and a second compound semiconductor layer 22; a first light reflecting layer 41 disposed on a first surface side of the first compound semiconductor layer 21; a second light reflecting layer 42 disposed on a second surface side of the second compound semiconductor layer 22; and light convergence/divergence changing means 50. The first light reflecting layer 41 is formed on a concave mirror portion 43. The second light reflecting layer 42 has a flat shape. When light generated in the active layer 23 is emitted to the outside, a light convergence/divergence state before the light is incident on the light convergence/divergence changing means 50 is different from a light convergence/divergence state after the light passes through the light convergence/divergence changing means 50.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes: a laminated structure body 20 which is formed from a GaN-based compound semiconductor and in which a first compound semiconductor layer 21 including a first surface 21a and a second surface 21b that is opposed to the first surface 21a, an active layer 23 that faces the second surface 21b of the first compound semiconductor layer 21, and a second compound semiconductor layer 22 including a first surface 22a that faces the active layer 23 and a second surface 22b that is opposed to the first surface 22a are laminated; a first light reflection layer 41 that is provided on the first surface 21a side of the first compound semiconductor layer 21; and a second light reflection layer 42 that is provided on the second surface 22b side of the second compound semiconductor layer 22. The first light reflection layer 41 includes a concave mirror portion 43, and the second light reflection layer 42 has a flat shape.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes: a laminated structure body 20 which is formed from a GaN-based compound semiconductor and in which a first compound semiconductor layer 21 including a first surface 21a and a second surface 21b that is opposed to the first surface 21a, an active layer 23 that faces the second surface 21b of the first compound semiconductor layer 21, and a second compound semiconductor layer 22 including a first surface 22a that faces the active layer 23 and a second surface 22b that is opposed to the first surface 22a are laminated; a first light reflection layer 41 that is provided on the first surface 21a side of the first compound semiconductor layer 21; and a second light reflection layer 42 that is provided on the second surface 22b side of the second compound semiconductor layer 22. The first light reflection layer 41 includes a concave mirror portion 43, and the second light reflection layer 42 has a flat shape.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting element includes, at least: (A) forming a stacked structure 20 which includes a GaN-based compound semiconductor and in which a first compound semiconductor layer 21, an active layer 23, and a second compound semiconductor layer 22 are stacked, and forming a concave mirror section 43 on a first surface side of the first compound semiconductor layer 21; then (B) forming a photosensitive material layer 35 over the second compound semiconductor layer 22; and thereafter (C) exposing the photosensitive material layer 35 to light from the concave mirror section side through the stacked structure 20, to obtain a treatment mask layer including the photosensitive material layer 35, and then processing the second compound semiconductor layer 22 by use of the treatment mask layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a laminate. The laminate includes an active layer, and a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer sandwiching the active layer. This light-emitting device further includes a current constriction layer having an opening and a vertical resonator including a first reflecting mirror having a concave-curved shape on the first semiconductor layer side and a second reflecting mirror on the second semiconductor side. The first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror sandwich the laminate and the opening. This light-emitting device further includes an optically transparent substrate between the first reflecting mirror and the laminate. The optically transparent substrate has a first convex portion having a convex-curved shape and one or more second convex portions on a surface on the side opposite to the laminate. The first convex portion is in contact with the first reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An adaptive control device according to the present invention includes: a processor that generates a second command value for a motor on the basis of at least one of a first command value received from a numerical control device, feedback data received from a motor control device that controls the motor on the basis of the first command value, and sensor data received from a sensor; and a communication circuit that transmits the second command value to the numerical control device.

Abstract: An adaptive control device according to the present invention includes: a processor that generates a second command value for a motor on the basis of at least one of a first command value received from a numerical control device, feedback data received from a motor control device that controls the motor on the basis of the first command value, and sensor data received from a sensor; and a communication circuit that transmits the second command value to the numerical control device.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine having an injector for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber thereof is provided. The engine is configured so that a tumble flow is generated in the combustion chamber. A fuel injection by the injector can be performed in a first injection mode and a second injection mode, the first injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed after the tumble flow is generated, and the second injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed before the tumble flow is generated. The fuel injection of the first injection mode is performed before completion of the warming-up of the engine, and the fuel injection of the second injection mode is performed after completion of the warming-up of the engine.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of controlling fuel injection valves while causing valve-closing delay time periods, which occur with the valves actually mounted on the engine, to be reflected thereon, thereby making it possible to improve exhaust emission characteristics and fuel economy performance. The ECU of the control system performs initial value-specific control in fuel injection control and ignition timing control, such that initial value acquisition conditions are satisfied, so as to calculate the initial values of the valve-closing delay time periods when the initial value acquisition conditions are satisfied. When normal-time control is performed, the valve-opening time periods of the valves are calculated using the initial values of the valve-opening time periods, and the valves are controlled to be open over the valve-opening time periods.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device to control a fuel injection valve includes: valve-close delay time acquisition circuitry configured to acquire a valve-close delay time of the fuel injection valve; first learning value calculation circuitry configured to calculate a first learning value based on the valve-close delay time when a running state of an internal combustion engine satisfies a predetermined learning condition; valve-open time calculation circuitry configured to calculate a valve-open time of the fuel injection valve based on the first learning value; second learning value calculation circuitry configured to calculate a second learning value based on the valve-close delay time irrespective of the running state of the internal combustion engine; and learning state determination circuitry configured to determine a learning state of the first learning value based on a relationship between the first learning value and second learning value.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine has an injector for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber. A first fuel injection, a second fuel injection, and a third fuel injection are performed in one combustion cycle of the engine when a temperature of the engine is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. The second fuel injection is completed in a near-bottom dead center range of 160 deg. to 200 deg. after the top dead center at which the intake stroke starts, the first fuel injection is performed in a range which is set on the advance side of the near-bottom dead center range, and the third fuel injection is performed in a range which is set on the retard side of the near-bottom dead center range. The first and third fuel injections are completed in a range from 90 deg. to 270 deg. after the top dead center.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device to control a fuel injection valve includes: valve-close delay time acquisition circuitry configured to acquire a valve-close delay time of the fuel injection valve; first learning value calculation circuitry configured to calculate a first learning value based on the valve-close delay time when a running state of an internal combustion engine satisfies a predetermined learning condition; valve-open time calculation circuitry configured to calculate a valve-open time of the fuel injection valve based on the first learning value; second learning value calculation circuitry configured to calculate a second learning value based on the valve-close delay time irrespective of the running state of the internal combustion engine; and learning state determination circuitry configured to determine a learning state of the first learning value based on a relationship between the first learning value and second learning value.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of controlling fuel injection valves while causing valve-closing delay time periods, which occur with the valves actually mounted on the engine, to be reflected thereon, thereby making it possible to improve exhaust emission characteristics and fuel economy performance. The ECU of the control system performs initial value-specific control in fuel injection control and ignition timing control, such that initial value acquisition conditions are satisfied, so as to calculate the initial values of the valve-closing delay time periods when the initial value acquisition conditions are satisfied. When normal-time control is performed, the valve-opening time periods of the valves are calculated using the initial values of the valve-opening time periods, and the valves are controlled to be open over the valve-opening time periods.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder, includes a fuel injection valve and a processor. The fuel injection valve injects fuel directly into the cylinder. The fuel injection valve has an injection hole which has a diameter and a length in an axial direction of the injection hole. A ratio of the length to the diameter being 1.0 or smaller. The processor is configured to determine, in a cold operation of the internal combustion engine, a fuel injection time during which the fuel injection valve continues to inject fuel such that an amount of soot in exhaust gas is less than an amount of soot in exhaust gas if the fuel injection valve has the ratio larger than 1.0.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine having an injector for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber thereof is provided. The engine is configured so that a tumble flow is generated in the combustion chamber. A fuel injection by the injector can be performed in a first injection mode and a second injection mode, the first injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed after the tumble flow is generated, and the second injection mode being a mode in which the fuel injection is completed before the tumble flow is generated. The fuel injection of the first injection mode is performed before completion of the warming-up of the engine, and the fuel injection of the second injection mode is performed after completion of the warming-up of the engine.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine has an injector for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber. A first fuel injection, a second fuel injection, and a third fuel injection are performed in one combustion cycle of the engine when a temperature of the engine is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. The second fuel injection is completed in a near-bottom dead center range of 160 deg. to 200 deg. after the top dead center at which the intake stroke starts, the first fuel injection is performed in a range which is set on the advance side of the near-bottom dead center range, and the third fuel injection is performed in a range which is set on the retard side of the near-bottom dead center range. The first and third fuel injections are completed in a range from 90 deg. to 270 deg. after the top dead center.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for processing information on semiconductor treatment apparatus includes an abnormality information display device which displays information on an abnormality in semiconductor treatment apparatus, a countermeasure information receiving device which receives countermeasure information on countermeasure, a countermeasure information storing device which stores the countermeasure information matched with abnormality identification information, an output device which outputs the countermeasure and abnormality identification information via communication device to outside, a countermeasure item display device which displays countermeasure item candidates, a countermeasure item storing device which stores countermeasure item selected from the candidates matched with the abnormality identification information, a countermeasure item transmitting device which transmits the countermeasure item and abnormality identification information via the communication device to outside, a coun

Abstract: A heater for fixing devices includes a glass substrate, a heating element, electrode patterns connected to the heating element, a first protective layer, and a second protective layer. The glass substrate is made of an alkali-free glass. The first protective layer is formed by firing a mixture of a first glass powder and a first filler. The first glass powder contains no alkali metal oxide and has a lower softening point than the glass substrate. The first filler has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the alkali-free glass for the glass substrate. The second protective layer is made of a material that does not contain the first filler contained in the first protective layer.

Abstract: A heater for fixing devices includes a glass substrate, a heating element, electrode patterns connected to the heating element, a first protective layer, and a second protective layer. The glass substrate is made of an alkali-free glass. The first protective layer is formed by firing a mixture of a first glass powder and a first filler. The first glass powder contains no alkali metal oxide and has a lower softening point than the glass substrate. The first filler has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the alkali-free glass for the glass substrate. The second protective layer is made of a material that does not contain the first filler contained in the first protective layer.