Abstract: To provide a process by which from a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer, an unreacted monomer and a polymerization medium, the unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium can efficiently be recovered, and a lower polymer contained in the obtainable fluorinated copolymer can readily be reduced.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a fluorinated crosslinked product which is excellent in stability and produces less HF. A process for producing a fluorinated crosslinked product, which comprises irradiating a fluorinated polymer having a unit represented by the following formula (1), with active energy rays having a wavelength of from 150 to 300 nm: wherein X1 and X2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, Rf1 is a fluoroalkylene group or a fluoroalkylene group having at least two carbon atoms and an etheric oxygen atom between carbon-carbon atoms, Q1 is a single bond or an etheric oxygen atom, and Z1 is OH, OR1 or NR2R3, wherein R1 is an alkyl group, and R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

Abstract: A hydrogen transfer reaction may be more efficiently promoted by using a metal complex represented by Formula (2): (wherein, R1 to R8 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or the like; or wherein; R1 and R2, R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R4 and R5, and R5 and R6 are respectively bonded to each other to form a bivalent hydrocarbon group; R9 are the same or different, and each represents an alkyl group or cycloalkyl group; M is ruthenium (Ru) or the like; X is a ligand; and n is 0, 1 or 2). More specifically, the metal complex enables a hydrogenation reaction of various substrates having a stable carbonyl group or the like to be advanced with a high yield under mild conditions.

Abstract: To provide a plastic optical fiber using amorphous fluorinated polymers whereby transmission loss and bending loss are low, no cracking takes place during stretching, and a wide range of molding conditions is acceptable.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluorinated polymer, which comprises carrying out polymerization in a container capable of polymerizing a monomer in a pressurized state, in the presence of at least one of specific four organic peroxides, in a polymerization medium containing at least one fluorinated solvent (B) having a boiling point at normal pressure of at most 60° C., using at least a fluorinated monomer (C) having a boiling point at normal pressure higher than said fluorinated solvent (B), and tetrafluoroethylene, at a temperature of at most 70° C. and at least the boiling point at normal pressure of a fluorinated solvent (B) having the lowest boiling point at normal pressure among said fluorinated solvent (B).

Abstract: To provide an electrolyte material with which a membrane/electrode assembly in which flooding in a catalyst layer and breakage of a polymer electrolyte membrane are less likely to occur and which is excellent in the power generation characteristics, can be obtained; and a process for producing an electrolyte material having a low water content even though the material is formed of a polymer having units derived from a perfluoromonomer having a dioxolane ring. An electrolyte membrane which is formed of a polymer (H) obtained by converting —SO2F groups of a polymer (F) having units derived from a perfluoromonomer having a —SO2F group and a dioxolane ring, units derived from a perfluoromonomer having no —SO2F group and having a dioxolane ring, and units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, to ion exchange groups, which has an ion exchange capacity of from 0.9 to 1.3 meq/g dry resin, and which has a water content of from 20 to 100%.

Abstract: A forward primer of a primer set in accordance with the present invention for detecting BLV is a mixture of (1) a first primer consisting of a polynucleotide including 15 or more successive bases including the 16th C in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and (2) a second primer consisting of a plurality of kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. Two or more of M, N, Y, K, and D which are included in the second primer are each a degenerate base which specifies two or more kinds of bases, and the second primer includes at least 10 kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 12.

Abstract: To provide a process by which from a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer, an unreacted monomer and a polymerization medium, the unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium can efficiently be recovered, and a lower polymer contained in the obtainable fluorinated copolymer can readily be reduced.

Abstract: To provide a plastic optical fiber using amorphous fluorinated polymers whereby transmission loss and bending loss are low, no cracking takes place during stretching, and a wide range of molding conditions is acceptable.

Abstract: To provide a membrane/electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics even under low or no humidity conditions or under high humidity conditions, and an electrolyte material suitable for a catalyst layer of the membrane/electrode assembly.

Abstract: To provide a polymer electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells having high mechanical strength and excellent dimensional stability when it contains water even when it is made thin and the concentration of ionic groups is increased so as to reduce the electrical resistance, and a membrane/electrode assembly providing high output and having excellent durability.

Abstract: A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer having a high polymerization reactivity and plural fluorosulfonyl groups, a fluorosulfonyl group-containing polymer and a sulfonic acid group-containing polymer, obtained by using the monomer.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a polyhydric phenol, including the following steps (a) to (d): (a) a first step of producing (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexcene-1-one from 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose by a dehydration reaction; (b) a second step of producing 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from the (4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one obtained in the first step by a dehydration reaction; (c) a third step of producing 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione from the 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction with the use of a metal catalyst; and (d) a fourth step of producing hydroquinone by heating the 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione.

Abstract: An electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F) having repeating units (A) having a precursor group represented by the formula (g1) and repeating units (B) based on a perfluoromonomer having a 5-membered ring, and having a density of at most 2.03 g/cm3, the polymer (H) having an ion exchange capacity of from 1.3 to 2.3 meq/g dry resin: wherein Q1 and Q2 are a perfluoroalkylene group having an etheric oxygen atom, or the like, and Y is F or the like; the electrolyte material being suitable for a catalyst layer of the membrane/electrode assembly; the membrane/electrode assembly being excellent in power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus for generating a plasma of a processing gas by applying a high frequency power to an electrode provided in a processing chamber and processing a substrate using the plasma is provided. The plasma processing apparatus includes an optical data detection unit, a data storage unit and a control unit. The optical data detection unit detects optical data when plasma processing the substrate. The data storage unit stores correlation data representing a correlation between type data corresponding to a plurality of types classified based on a type of a mask or a film to be processed disposed on the substrate and optical data to be detected by the optical data detection unit, and end point detection setting data sets, each of the setting data sets serving to detect a plasma processing end point and corresponding to one of the types.

Abstract: A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer having a high polymerization reactivity and plural fluorosulfonyl groups, a fluorosulfonyl group-containing polymer and a sulfonic acid group-containing polymer, obtained by using the monomer.

Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkaline chloride electrolysis having a low electric resistance and further having a sufficient mechanical strength. To employ an ion exchange membrane containing a polymer having units (U1). Q1, Q2=a perfluoroalkylene group or the like; Rf1, Rf2=a perfluoroalkyl group or the like; X1=an oxygen atom or the like; a=0 or the like; Y1=a fluorine atom or the like; r=0 or 1; and M=a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom.

Abstract: A process for producing fluoropolymer particles includes preparing a solution/dispersion containing fluoropolymer dissolved/dispersed in a first solvent such that the swelling of fluoropolymer by the first solvent is from 50 to 1,200%, and mixing the solution/dispersion with a second solvent such that fluoropolymer forms particles and the swelling of fluoropolymer by the mixture of the first and second solvents is from 0 to 100%. WC/WB is in the range of from 1 to 5, WB represents mass of the first solvent, WC/ represents mass of the second solvent, WC/WB represents a ratio of the mass of the second solvent to the mass of the first solvent. SBC/SB is at most 0.5. SBC represents the swelling by the mixture of the first and second solvents, SB represents the swelling by the first solvent, and SBC/SB represents a ratio of the swelling by the mixture to the swelling by the first solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of making ?-aminooxyketone and ?-hydroxyketone compounds. The synthetic pathway generally involves reacting an aldehyde or ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein Xa-Xc represent independently nitrogen, carbon, oxygen or sulfur and Z represents a 4 to 10-membered ring with or without a substituent and optionally a further step to convert the ?-aminooxyketone compound formed to the ?-hydroxyketone compound. The present invention results in ?-aminooxyketone and ?-hydroxyketone compounds with high enantioselectivity and high purity. The present invention is also directed to a catalytic asymmetric O-nitroso Aldol/Michael reaction. The substrates of this reaction are generally cyclic ?,?-unsaturated ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate.

Abstract: A membrane/electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprising an anode and a cathode each having a catalyst layer containing a proton conductive polymer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton conductive polymer has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.07 S/cm at a temperature of 80° C. at a relative humidity of 40% and has a water content less than 150 mass %.