Abstract: An abnormality detection system includes a removable battery and a server. The removable battery has: a detector; a battery side acquisition unit for acquiring measured data that are the data of measured values measured by the detector and acquiring, from an object to be electrically driven, first recognition data for recognizing the object to be electrically driven; and a battery side storage unit. The server has: a server side storage unit for prestoring reference data that are the data acquired when the object to be electrically driven performs a predetermined operation; a server side acquisition unit for acquiring the measured data, the first recognition data, and second recognition data; and an abnormality detection unit for comparing actual work data obtained from the measured data with the reference data and detecting an abnormality when the difference between the actual work data and the reference data exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A first electrode layer 14 is formed on a mica substrate 54, and then first scribe portions 64 are disposed. Next, a light absorbing layer 16 and a buffer layer 18 are disposed on the first electrode layer 14, and through holes (second scribe portions 66) which penetrate from the upper end face of the buffer layer 18 to the lower end face of the mica substrate 54 are formed in a spot-like manner. Then, a second electrode layer 20 is disposed on the buffer layer 18. At this time, the lower end face of the second electrode layer 20 reaches the first electrode layer 14 along the inner peripheral walls of the second scribe portions 66. Furthermore, the second electrode layer 20 is scribed to dispose third scribe portions 70.

Abstract: A chalcopyrite type solar cell has a mica aggregate substrate formed by binding mica particulates with a resin. A multilayer body consisting of a first electrode, a light absorption layer and a second electrode is formed on the mica aggregate substrate with a smoothing layer and a binder layer interposed between the substrate and the body. The smoothing layer is preferably made of SiN or SiO2, and the binder layer is made of TiN or TaN.

Abstract: A solar cell having high conversion efficiency and excellent flexibility is realized. A mica substrate or laminated mica substrate is used as substrate 1. The mica and laminated mica have high insulating property and heat resistance temperature, which can be selenized at an appropriate treatment temperature through vapor-phase selenization process, high conversion efficiency and excellent flexibility resultantly suitable for mass-production can be obtained. On the other hand, because the surfaces of the mica and laminated mica have large surface roughnesses, it is impossible to induce leakage to obtain high conversion efficiency in the case where a chalcopyrite based light absorbing layer 6 is simply formed. In the present invention, an intermediate layer 2 of ceramic based material and binder layer 4 are interposed between the mica substrate 1 and a molybdenum electrode 5.

Abstract: A first electrode layer 14 is formed on a mica substrate 54, and then first scribe portions 64 are disposed. Next, a light absorbing layer 16 and a buffer layer 18 are disposed on the first electrode layer 14, and through holes (second scribe portions 66) which penetrate from the upper end face of the buffer layer 18 to the lower end face of the mica substrate 54 are formed in a spot-like manner. Then, a second electrode layer 20 is disposed on the buffer layer 18. At this time, the lower end face of the second electrode layer 20 reaches the first electrode layer 14 along the inner peripheral walls of the second scribe portions 66. Furthermore, the second electrode layer 20 is scribed to dispose third scribe portions 70.

Abstract: A chalcopyrite type solar cell has a mica aggregate substrate formed by binding mica particulates with a resin. A multilayer body consisting of a first electrode, a light absorption layer and a second electrode is formed on the mica aggregate substrate with a smoothing layer and a binder layer interposed between the substrate and the body. The smoothing layer is preferably made of SiN or SiO2, and the binder layer is made of TiN or TaN.

Abstract: A method of carburizing austenitic stainless steel comprising the steps of holding austenitic stainless steel in a fluorine- or fluoride-containing gas atmosphere with heating prior to carburizing and carburizing the austenitic stainless steel at a temperature not more than 680.degree. C. wherein said austenitic stainless steel is stable austenitic stainless steel having 1 to 6 weight % molybdenum or 13 to 25 weight % chromium, wherein a carburized hard layer having corrosion resistance superior to base material forms and austenitic stainless steel products obtained thereby.

Abstract: A method of carburizing austenitic metal comprising the steps of holding austenitic metal in a fluoride-containing gas atmosphere with heating prior to carburizing and carburizing the austenitic metal at a temperature not more than 680.degree. C. and austenitic metal products obtained thereby.

Abstract: A method for carburizing austenitic metal comprising fluorinating the austenitic metal and consecutive carburizing at a low temperature not more than 680.degree. C. A carburizing temperature can be lowered by such a fluorination. As a result, carbide of chrome component in the austenitic metal can be prevented from depositing. That is, much chrome component remains in the austenitic metal. Therefore, the austenitic metal surface can be hardened and also superior anti-corrosion property can be maintained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nickel alloy products with their surfaces nitrided and hardened which are formed by pressure casting nickel alloy material, and nitrided and hardened layers are formed in surface layers. Since the nitrided and hardened surfaces of the nickel alloy products according to the invention have much better corrosion resistance than iron products have, anticorrosion treatment such as plating is not required, and rich lubricity and excellent tightening property can be obtained without having seizure and scuffing phenomena.

Abstract: A loom guide bar blade for automatic weaving machinery such as an air or water jet loom wherein the surface of the blade which contacts yarn is nitrided to form a nitrided hardened layer. When this blade is used in automatic high-speed weaving machinery, wearing and the like at contacting points of the blade with the yarn are prevented. As a result yarn fluffing from its being abraded by a roughened blade surface is minimized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nickel alloy products with their surfaces nitrided and hardened which are formed by pressure casting nickel alloy material, and nitrided and hardened layers are formed in surface layers. Since the nitrided and hardened surfaces of the nickel alloy products according to the invention have much better corrosion resistance than iron products have, anticorrosion treatment such as plating is not required, and rich lubricity and excellent tightening property can be obtained without having seizure and scuffing phenomena.

Abstract: Nitrided stainless steel products having a base material of stainless steel containing austenitic stainless steel. At least a portion of the surface layer of the base material is composed of a nitrided hard layer in accordance with the following conditions (A) and (B):(A) the nitrided hard layer substantially does not contain crystalline chromium nitride, and(B) the nitrided hard layer contains from 2 to 12% by weight N atoms.

Abstract: A hard nitrided layer is formed on austenitic stainless steel by holding the austenitic stainless steel in a heated condition under a fluorine- or fluoride-containing atmosphere and then nitriding it so that a close uniform nitriding layer can be formed, resulting the remarkable improvement in the surface hardness of the above-mentioned austenitic stainless steel. The temperature in the above-mentioned nitriding treatment is set below 450.degree. C. so that high anti-corrosion property, originally inherent in austenitic stainless steel, can be retained without deterioration.

Abstract: A method of nitriding nickel alloy comprising steps of holding nickel alloy in an atmosphere of fluorine- or fluoride-containing gas in a heated condition and holding the fluorinated nickel alloy in a nitriding atmosphere in a heated condition to provide the nickel alloy with improved surface hardness by forming a deep uniform nitrided layer on the surface of the nickel alloy.

Abstract: A golf club wherein at least the surface of the face of a club head made of fiber-reinforced plastic or wood or the surface of a club shaft made of fiber-reinforced plastic is covered with a cured coating layer of a silicone-modified synthetic resin.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wood golf club and its production method, wherein an outer peripheral surface recessed from an outer surface of a club head main body through a step is formed on a neck portion of a club head made of a fiber-reinforced resin, a long-fiber-reinforced resin layer formed by winding resin-impregnated long fibers in such a manner as to cross the axial direction of the neck portion is fitted over the outer peripheral surface, and the outer surface of the long-fiber-reinforced resin layer and the outer surface of the club head main body are at substantially the same level.