Abstract: An ophthalmologic examination apparatus has a main unit housing an illuminating optical system that illuminates a fundus of a subject's eye to be examined and an imaging optical system that images the illuminated eye fundus. First and second attachment units are removably and exchangeably mounted to the main unit for providing different ophthalmologic functions. The first attachment unit houses an imaging device that captures an image of the eye fundus via the imaging optical system housed in the main unit. The second attachment unit houses a light source that emits stimulating light for an electroretinogram and which is projected onto the eye fundus via the imaging optical system housed in the main unit.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic examination apparatus is provided which is capable of performing a variety of ophthalmologic examinations with a low-cost configuration. An illuminating optical system for illuminating an eye fundus and an imaging optical system for imaging the illuminated eye fundus, which are both necessary in an ophthalmologic examination, are housed in a main unit. A plurality of attachment units is removably mounted to the main unit. Each of the attachment units is provided with a different ophthalmologic function such as a function for planarly or stereographically observing or photographing the imaged eye fundus, a function for emitting stimulating light on the eye fundus or a function for spectroscopically analyzing the eye fundus. Such an arrangement allows the ophthalmologic examination apparatus to perform various functions merely by selecting the attachment unit and mounting it to the main unit.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus has an illumination optical system for illuminating a preselected point of a patient's eye with slit-light. Objective lenses are each disposed in an observation optical path for forming an image of the preselected point of the patient's eye. Eyepiece systems are disposed in respective ones of the observation optical paths for observing the image of the preselected point of the patient's eye. An imaging device captures the image of the preselected point of the patient's eye. An optical element guides the image of the preselected point of the patient's eye to the imaging device. The optical element is disposed between the objective lenses at a position that does not lie in any of the observation optical paths.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes an illumination optical system for illuminating a specified point of a subject eye with slit-light and an observation optical system having left and right eyepiece systems to enable an examiner to use both eyes to observe an image of the specified point formed by objective lenses. An optical element is located between the objective lenses and the specified point and between the effective diametric centers of the left and right eyepiece systems to guide the image of the specified point of the eye to an imaging means. Such an arrangement enables differences between the observed and captured images to be substantially eliminated and the images to be observed with no degradation.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measurement apparatus wherein the interior of a patient's eye is irradiated with a laser beam and the scattering of the laser beam is measured to determine protein concentration in the oculi anterior. The apparatus is provided with scanning means for scanning the measurement zone during alignment of the eye as well as during measurement. During alignment the measurement zone is scanned at high speed by the laser beam and at the same scanning width as the scanning width used during measurement, and the signal obtained from the photosensor at this time is processed to provide information on and an indication of the appropriateness of the state of alignment. This makes it possible to observe any harmful light rays that will actually appear during measurement.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measurement apparatus is provided in which a laser beam is converged at a selected point in a measurement zone within an eye and light scattered therefrom is photoelectrically detected via a measurement mask having an aperture of a prescribed size for ophthalmic measurement. During alignment the measurement zone is scanned at high speed by the laser beam with the same scanning width as the scanning width used during measurement. This makes it possible to observe any harmful light rays that will actually appear during measurement at those settings and to align the apparatus so that the harmful light rays do not come within the limiting aperture of the measurement mask, thereby enabling measurement to be conducted under optimum conditions.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measurement apparatus which projects a laser beam into a subject's eye and conducts a prescribed ophthalmological measurement based on the state of laser light scattering in the eye comprises a laser beam projection system for converging a laser beam from a laser source at a measurement point in the eye, a light receiving system for receiving scattered laser light from the interior of the eye by a photosensor means thereof and detecting the light scattering state inside the eye from the measured number of pulses output by the photosensor means. In this arrangement, the sensitivity of the photosensor means is measured, and the result of the light scattering state detection is automatically corrected according to the measured sensitivity of the photosensor means so that accurate ophthalmological measurement results can be obtained notwithstanding aging of the photosensor means or changes in its environmental conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as an inflammation in a patient's eye which includes means for focusing a laser beam at a selected spot in the eye. The light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine the protein concentration essential to ophthalmic disease detection in the patient's eye. The laser beam is deflected vertically and horizontally. The electrical signal derived from the vertical scanning is compared with the other electrical signals from the horizontally shifted scanning of the laser beam to remove noises from the electrical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as inflammation in the camera oculi of a patient's eye. A laser beam is focussed at a selected spot in the camera oculi of an eye, and the light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine the protein concentration essential to ophthalmic disease detection in the camera oculi of the patient's eye.

Abstract: A slit lamp microscope for use in observing the cornea, crystalline lens and other tissues of an eye includes a scanning device for scanning the laser beam vertically and horizontally within a selected area of the eye to be examined to form thereon a slit image which illuminates the selected area. A regulating device is provided for regulating the intensity of the laser beam to a predetermined level depending upon the amount of light reflected from the eye. The scanning device is controlled to change its scanning area to make the selected area variable to thereby provide a slit image which is changeable in size.

Abstract: An apparatus operates in an observation mode for determining a specific spot within the eye of a patient and operates in a measurement mode for measuring protein particles contained within the specific spot. The eye is illuminated with a slit light to determine a specific spot. A laser light is irradiated onto the determined specific spot. A scattered light scattered by protein particles is detected by a detector to measure the protein particles.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measuring method and apparatus according to the present invention are provided for the purpose of measuring the state of microparticles in the aqueous chamber of an eye to be examined which is irradiated with a laser beam to detect the scattering characteristics in the aqueous chamber of the eye. A laser beam with a predetermined wavelength is projected into the aqueous chamber of the eye. Light scattered from the aqueous chamber is received with or without a linear polarizer and evaluated in terms of the changes between the scattering characteristics with or without the linear polarizer in order to measure the number or concentration of the microparticles present in the aqueous chamber for the purpose of detecting ophthalmic diseases.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as an inflammation in a patient's eye which includes a laser beam focussed at a selected spot in the eye. The light scattered from the eye is photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine the protein concentration essential to ophthalmic disease detection in the patient's eye. The laser beam is deflected to scan the eye so far as to exceed a detection slit. The electrical signal derived when the laser beam is deflected outside the slit is used to remove noises from the electrical signal.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measuring apparatus having a laser-slit projector unit for projecting a laser beam on a portion in a human eyeball, a microscope unit adapted for receiving and observing the light reflected from the portion in the eyeball and a detector unit adapted for displaying the observing point in the eyeball projected by the laser beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ophthalmic diseases such as a cataract in the lens of a patient's eye which includes means for focussing a laser beam at a selected spot in the lens of an eye, and according to which the light back-scattered from the eye are photoelectrically detected and converted into an electrical signal which is subsequently used to determine an autocorrelation function relating to the fluctuation of intensity of the back-scattered light over time, and to derive therefrom a protein particle distribution essential to ophthalmic disease detection.