Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention is carbon fiber wherein the surface of a monofilament has a center line average roughness Ra of 6.0 nm or more and 13 nm or less, and the monofilament has a long diameter/short diameter ratio of 1.11 or more and 1.245 or less. A second aspect of the present invention is carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber wherein the surface of a monofilament has a center line average roughness Ra of 18 nm or more and 27 nm or less, and the monofilament has a long diameter/short diameter ratio of 1.11 or more and 1.245 or less. The carbon fiber according to the first aspect is obtained by stabilizing and carbonizing under specific conditions the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber according to the second aspect.

Abstract: A substrate support apparatus which can support a substrate having a center hole, comprises a support portion which can support the substrate. The support portion includes a support groove with a cross-sectional shape in which a groove width gradually increases in a counter-gravitational direction, and a width of the support groove between two end portions is larger than a width of the support groove at the center thereof.

Abstract: A speed change device for shifting the gear of a transmission by using a cylindrical drum that reciprocally moves and rotates, featuring the structure of a compact size and excellent operability. To execute the shifting operation, the speed change device of the invention uses a cylindrical drum 4 that reciprocally moves in the axial direction and is rotatably supported. Fork pins FP1 to FP4 coupled to a plurality of forks of the transmission are fitted into drum grooves 41 to 44 formed in the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical drum. In each drum groove, there are formed small width portions of a width nearly equal to that of the fork pin and large width portions wider than the small width portions in a manner that the fork pin positioned at the small width portion is shifted. To shift the gear, the cylindrical drum 4 is rotated by a select motor 6 to select the fork pin positioned at the small width portion.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission having two input shafts respectively connected to clutches, and an intermediate shaft, preventing the intermediate shaft from rotating idle when the vehicle is traveling at high speeds and avoiding excess stirring of lubricating oil in the transmission and increase in noise. In the dual clutch transmission, a direct connection clutch C3 is provided between one input shaft S2 and an output shaft S4, and an intermediate shaft connection clutch C4 for interrupting the transmission of power is provided between the intermediate shaft S3 and the output shaft S4. When the power is directly transmitted from the input shaft S2 to the output shaft S4 via the direct connection clutch C3, the intermediate shaft connection clutch C4 is disconnected to stop the rotation of the intermediate shaft S3 and to prevent the lubricating oil from being excessively stirred by the idle rotation of the intermediate shaft S3.

Abstract: A substrate support apparatus which can support a substrate having a center hole, comprises a support portion which can support the substrate. The support portion includes a support groove with a cross-sectional shape in which a groove width gradually increases in a counter-gravitational direction, and a width of the support groove between two end portions is larger than a width of the support groove at the center thereof.

Abstract: An interlocking mechanism for preventing the double meshing of a transmission, which is constituted by using a rotary lock drum to produce a reliable locking action and can be excellently adapted to various transmissions. In the interlocking mechanism, fork-operation members and fork-fixing members LP1 to LP4 are coupled to a plurality of forks for changing the gears, and are fitted to a plurality of lock drum grooves of a lock drum LD that is rotatably supported. The lock drum grooves are forming narrow portions with their width being nearly equal to that of the fork-fixing members and wide portions wider than the fork-fixing members in a manner that the fork-fixing members positioned at the narrow portions are shifted depending upon the rotation of the lock drum LD.

Abstract: A speed change device for shifting the gear of a transmission by using a cylindrical drum that reciprocally moves and rotates, featuring the structure of a compact size and excellent operability. To execute the shifting operation, the speed change device of the invention uses a cylindrical drum 4 that reciprocally moves in the axial direction and is rotatably supported. Fork pins FP1 to FP4 coupled to a plurality of forks of the transmission are fitted into drum grooves 41 to 44 formed in the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical drum. In each drum groove, there are formed small width portions of a width nearly equal to that of the fork pin and large width portions wider than the small width portions in a manner that the fork pin positioned at the small width portion is shifted. To shift the gear, the cylindrical drum 4 is rotated by a select motor 6 to select the fork pin positioned at the small width portion.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission having two input shafts respectively connected to clutches, and an intermediate shaft, preventing the intermediate shaft from rotating idle when the vehicle is traveling at high speeds and avoiding excess stirring of lubricating oil in the transmission and increase in noise. In the dual clutch transmission, a direct connection clutch C3 is provided between one input shaft S2 and an output shaft S4, and an intermediate shaft connection clutch C4 for interrupting the transmission of power is provided between the intermediate shaft S3 and the output shaft S4. When the power is directly transmitted from the input shaft S2 to the output shaft S4 via the direct connection clutch C3, the intermediate shaft connection clutch C4 is disconnected to stop the rotation of the intermediate shaft S3 and to prevent the lubricating oil from being excessively stirred by the idle rotation of the intermediate shaft S3.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion comprising silver halide grains covered with two dye layers in combination. The two dye layers comprises an inner dye layer adjoining to the silver halide grain, and containing at least one sensitizing dye capable of spectrally sensitizing silver halide, and an outer dye layer adjoining to the inner dye layer, and containing at least two dyes. The light absorption energy of the outer dye layer is equal to or higher than that of the inner dye layer, an energy-releasing wavelength of the outer dye layer overlaps with an energy-absorbing wavelength of the inner dye layer, the sensitizing dyes constituting the inner dye layer include an anion and/or betaine dyes, the dyes constituting the outer dye layer include an anion and cation dyes, and the anion dye is more than the cation dye in terms of an addition amount and/or an adsorption amount.

Abstract: A transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a first layshaft disposed parallel to the input shaft and the output shaft, a speed reduction gear connected between the output shaft and the first layshaft in a constant-mesh manner, and a plurality of transmission gear pairs provided between the input shaft and the first layshaft or output shaft to mutually engage and to transmit the rotational force of the input shaft to the output shaft, wherein the transmission further includes an input gear fixedly attached to the input shaft, a second layshaft disposed parallel to the input shaft, a second layshaft gear that engages the input gear and is disposed on the second layshaft, and a braking mechanism for braking the input shaft by braking the second layshaft gear.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion comprising silver halide grains covered with two dye layers in combination. The two dye layers comprises an inner dye layer adjoining to the silver halide grain, and containing at least one sensitizing dye capable of spectrally sensitizing silver halide, and an outer dye layer adjoining to the inner dye layer, and containing at least two dyes. The light absorption energy of the outer dye layer is equal to or higher than that of the inner dye layer, an energy-releasing wavelength of the outer dye layer overlaps with an energy-absorbing wavelength of the inner dye layer, the sensitizing dyes constituting the inner dye layer include an anion and/or betaine dyes, the dyes constituting the outer dye layer include an anion and cation dyes, and the anion dye is more than the cation dye in terms of an addition amount and/or an adsorption amount.

Abstract: A transmission (1) having an input shaft (2), an output shaft (3), a first layshaft (4) disposed parallel to the input shaft (2) and the output shaft (3), a speed reduction gear (5) connected between the output shaft (3) and the first layshaft (4) in a constant-mesh manner, and a plurality of transmission gear pairs provided between the input shaft (2) and the first layshaft (4) or output shaft (3) to mutually engage and to transmit the rotational force of the input shaft (2) to the output shaft (3), wherein the transmission further comprises an input gear (25) fixedly attached to the input shaft (2), a second layshaft (9) disposed parallel to the input shaft (2), a second layshaft gear (12) that engages the input gear (25) and is disposed on the second layshaft (9), and a braking mechanism (26) for braking the input shaft (2) by braking the second layshaft gear (12).

Abstract: An exhaust gas dilution apparatus 10-2 is the same form multi-venturi type comprising a rectifier 11, divider 12, exhaust chamber 14, dilution tunnel 15, and a divider pipes 13t on the dilution side of a tunnel 15 side. All divider pipes 13 are provided with a venturi 21 having the same performance inserted in the same position, to measure the flow rate in the dilution tunnel and the flow rate on the exhaust pipe side. The opening of the shutter 19 provided in the exit of the exhaust chamber 14 is controlled so that the two flow rates are equivalent.

Abstract: An exhaust gas dilution apparatus 10-2 is the same form multi-venturi type comprising a rectifier 11, divider 12, exhaust chamber 14, dilution tunnel 15, and a divider pipes 13t on the dilution side of a tunnel 15 side. All divider pipes 13 are provided with a venturi 21 having the same performance inserted in the same position, to measure the flow rate in the dilution tunnel and the flow rate on the exhaust pipe side. The opening of the shutter 19 provided in the exit of the exhaust chamber 14 is controlled so that the two flow rates are equivalent.

Abstract: A manual transmission is disclosed wherein a large number of shift arms are arranged evenly over a pair of selector rods. The design has the advantages of rendering the transmission compact in size, making it possible to enhance the stiffness of the shift arms, and making the layout of the gearshift mechanism more flexible. The synchromesh manual transmission 1 has a pair of selector rods 31, 32 arranged in parallel with the output shaft of the transmission 1. The selector rod 31 is mounted with a 1st-speed, one reverse shift arm 37 and its associated shift block 44 against sliding movement while mounted with a 2nd-, 3rd-speed shift arm 38 integral with a shift block for sliding movement. Likewise, another selector rod 32 is mounted with a 4th-, 5th-speed shift arm 39 for sliding movement and further connected to a shift lever 40 for a 6th-speed shift arm. The shift block mechanism 56 and the shift blocks 38, 39 are arranged in symmetry relationship about the center point C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which contains, on a support, a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and a divalent metal cation that is an acid with intermediate hardness/softness classified in accordance with the HSAB principle, in an amount 1 to 300 times the number of moles of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The light-sensitive material can form an image with high sensitivity and low fogging, both in heat-development processing characterized by its ease and rapidness, and in usual liquid-developing processing that is widely used.

Abstract: A photothermographic material contains an organic silver salt, a photosensitive silver halide, a reducing agent, a binder, and a compound of the formula: X--L.sub.1 --D wherein D is an electron donative group of atoms, X is an adsorption promoting group to silver halide, and L.sub.1 is a valence bond or a linking group. It has high sensitivity in the red to infrared region and experiences a minimal change of photographic properties under different developing conditions.

Abstract: A time division multiplex communication control system for controlling assignment of communication channels from a switching office to mobile stations in which control on the switching office side is automatically effected so that communication channels having a high likelihood of communication disturbances are lastly assigned. In one embodiment, the communication channels located immediately adjacent to the control channel and having a high likelihood of communication disturbances from control channel signals are lastly assigned. In another embodiment in which two carriers are available and the control channel is located in the first carrier, communication channels in the second carrier are first automatically assigned and, when a communication channel is not available in the second carrier, a communication channel is the first carrier which is not adjacent to the control channel is assigned.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having high sensitivity, reduced in fog and excellent in storage stability is described, which comprises a support having thereon at least one constituent layer containing at least one hydrazone compound having a methine dye residue or an adsorbing group to silver halide through a covalent bond or containing at least one metallocene compound having a methine dye residue through a covalent bond.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having high sensitivity, reduced in fog and excellent in storage stability is described, which comprises a support having thereon at least one constituent layer containing at least one hydrazone compound having a methine dye residue or an adsorbing group to silver halide through a covalent bond or containing at least one metallocene compound having a methine dye residue through a covalent bond.