Abstract: A frame transmission controlling apparatus includes: a list configuration unit managing a parameter related to a gate control; a cycle timer unit managing a start timing of a cycle; a list executing unit performing the gate control based on the parameter, wherein the list executing unit includes: a cycle executing state machine setting an expiration time of at least one section included in the cycle, checking gate operation information corresponding to a list pointer indicating the at least one section, and performing a control corresponding to the gate operation information; a delaying state machine deducting and updating the expiration time by a predetermined unit; a cycle holding state machine generating a control signal indicating stopping transmission in MAC; and a cycle releasing state machine generating a control signal indicating resuming the transmission in MAC.

Abstract: A frame transmission controlling apparatus includes: a list configuration unit managing a parameter related to a gate control; a cycle timer unit managing a start timing of a cycle; a list executing unit performing the gate control based on the parameter, wherein the list executing unit includes: a cycle executing state machine setting an expiration time of at least one section included in the cycle, checking gate operation information corresponding to a list pointer indicating the at least one section, and performing a control corresponding to the gate operation information; a delaying state machine deducting and updating the expiration time by a predetermined unit; a cycle holding state machine generating a control signal indicating stopping transmission in MAC; and a cycle releasing state machine generating a control signal indicating resuming the transmission in MAC.

Abstract: Provided is a packet transmission apparatus including at least one user network interface (UNI) line card configured to receive traffic including a client signal, a fabric switch configured to perform switching on the traffic based on a unit of line card, a network-to-network interface working (NNI-W) line card configured to generate a multiprotocol label switching-transport profile (MPLS-TP) working tunnel to transmit the traffic transferred through the fabric switch, and a network-to-network interface protection (NNI-P) line card configured to generate a MPLS-TP protection tunnel to transmit the traffic transferred through the fabric switch when a fault occurs on a path of the NNI-W line card.

Abstract: Provided is a linear protection switching method of a node, wherein the method includes selecting a local request based on a priority of at least one local request, determining a global request based on a priority between the selected local request and a remote message, and performing a state transition based on the global request.

Abstract: A midplane communication system includes: a midplane; at least one front daughter card configured to connect to a front side of the midplane; at least one rear daughter card configured to connect to a rear side of the midplane in a vertical direction relative to the front daughter card; and an orthogonal connector configured to electrically connect the front daughter card and the rear daughter card, wherein the orthogonal connector is configured to connect to the midplane at a vertical or horizontal offset to include at least one extra connection pin allowing an additional connection when connecting the front daughter card and the rear daughter card.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protection switching are disclosed. The protection switching method in accordance with an example of the present disclosure is capable of smoothly processing a protection switching while preventing a data path mismatch occurring in the protection switching in a case in which a forced switching command (FS), which is a passive command, and a signal failure (SF) of a protection path occur at both end nodes, respectively, when a linear protection switching is performed by use of a protection state coordination message in a packet network or a packet transport network.

Abstract: Provided is a packet transmission apparatus including at least one user network interface (UNI) line card configured to receive traffic including a client signal, a fabric switch configured to perform switching on the traffic based on a unit of line card, a network-to-network interface working (NNI-W) line card configured to generate a multiprotocol label switching-transport profile (MPLS-TP) working tunnel to transmit the traffic transferred through the fabric switch, and a network-to-network interface protection (NNI-P) line card configured to generate a MPLS-TP protection tunnel to transmit the traffic transferred through the fabric switch when a fault occurs on a path of the NNI-W line card.

Abstract: A processor time synchronization apparatus and method in a data communication system which includes a plurality of processors and line interfaces. The processor time synchronization apparatus includes a first local processor configured to recognize a time difference between an external device and the system based on a time message exchanged with the external device, and synchronize time between the external device and the system, and a second local processor configured to receive time information from the first local processor that has been time-synchronized with the external device, the time information containing the time difference between the external device and the system, and synchronize the first local processor with a system's internal time using the received time information.

Abstract: A communication terminal performing protection switching in a shared mesh network is provided. The communication terminal configured to transmit and receive data traffic associated with a first working path may include a processor configured to encode, in an optical channel data unit (ODU) including the data traffic, a first operation command message to be received from a first end node, and a communicator configured to transmit the ODU to a neighboring node, in which the first end node is present in a second working path.

Abstract: Provided is an operation method of a node, the method including recognizing multiple failures occurring in a protected domain, transmitting a message including failure information, multiple-failure information, and used path information to a second node when the multiple failures are recognized, and performing a protection switching to a used path determined based on a priority for each of the multiple failures.

Abstract: A method for protection switching in a shared node where protection resources of a plurality of end-to-end linear protection domain are shared is provided. The shared node receives a first protection switching event message notifying that a protection switching event occurs from a first node of a first end-to-end linear protection domain, and determines whether to prohibit protection switching on a second end-to-end linear protection domain by comparing a priority of the first end-to-end linear protection domain with a priority of the second end-to-end linear protection domain.

Abstract: Provided is a linear protection switching method of a node, wherein the method includes selecting a local request based on a priority of at least one local request, determining a global request based on a priority between the selected local request and a remote message, and performing a state transition based on the global request.

Abstract: Provided is a protection end node located at an end of a protection path, wherein the protection end node includes a receiver to receive, from a working end node located at an end of a working path, path defect information indicating whether a defect occurs on the working path, a processor to perform protection switching in response to reception of the path defect information and generate path control information used for the working end node to control a connection of the working path based on the protection switching, and a transmitter to transmit the path control information to the working end node.

Abstract: A method of operating a root node in which the root node transmits/receives traffic with a plurality of leaf nodes through a plurality of working paths is disclosed, the method including receiving, from a first leaf node, a first signal failure (SF) message indicating an occurrence of a failure on a first working path of the first leaf node, receiving traffic from the first leaf node by switching the first working path to a first protection path, and receiving traffic from remaining leaf nodes aside from the first leaf node while maintaining the working path.

Abstract: A method of operating a root node in a multipoint-connection with a plurality of leaf nodes, the method including transmitting/receiving traffic with the plurality of leaf nodes via a working path, receiving, from a leaf node, a message indicating an occurrence of a failure on a path of the leaf node from among the plurality of leaf nodes, recognizing an occurrence of a local failure on the path connected to the leaf node, and transmitting information about the failure to the leaf node.

Abstract: A processor time synchronization apparatus and method in a data communication system which includes a plurality of processors and line interfaces. The processor time synchronization apparatus includes a first local processor configured to recognize a time difference between an external device and the system based on a time message exchanged with the external device, and synchronize time between the external device and the system, and a second local processor configured to receive time information from the first local processor that has been time-synchronized with the external device, the time information containing the time difference between the external device and the system, and synchronize the first local processor with a system's internal time using the received time information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protection switching are disclosed. The protection switching method in accordance with an example of the present disclosure is capable of smoothly processing a protection switching while preventing a data path mismatch occurring in the protection switching in a case in which a forced switching command (FS), which is a passive command, and a signal failure (SF) of a protection path occur at both end nodes, respectively, when a linear protection switching is performed by use of a protection state coordination message in a packet network or a packet transport network.

Abstract: Provided are a forced protection switching method and a forced protection switching clearing method in an Ethernet ring network. When an operator desires to block a port of a specific node for maintenance and repair, the operator gives a forced switching (FS) command to the specific node in order to block the port. When the operator desires to clear FS, the operator gives a clear command to the specific node in order to clear the blocked port. As a result, operation flexibility of the Ethernet ring network is provided.

Abstract: Provided are a shared mesh protection switching apparatus and method. The shared mesh protection switching apparatus includes a plurality of linear protection switching processors allocated to the linear protection domains respectively and configured to provide a switching report signal in response to fault occurrence in the corresponding linear protection domains or a linear protection switching operation, and perform a function of limiting use of the shared section in response to a provided lock signal, and a mesh protection switching processor configured to select at least one linear protection domain to be limited in use of the network resources of the shared section according to a predetermined reference when the switching report signal is provided and provide the lock signal to a linear protection switching processor corresponding to the at least one selected linear protection domain.

Abstract: Provided is a clock operating method and apparatus for supporting a plurality of Ethernet physical layer interfaces. To provide a network synchronization function in a board of simultaneously accommodating the plurality of Ethernet physical layer interfaces, the clock operating method may include: determining a physical layer interface according to a current network synchronization mode; and generating a clock signal of the determined physical layer interface as a reference signal of another physical layer interface.