Abstract: (A) A cathode active material of a cathode includes a lithium phosphate compound represented by LiaM1bPO4 (M is Fe and the like, 0?a?2, b?1). (B) Fine pore distribution of the cathode measured by a mercury intrusion method indicates a peak P1 in a range where a pore diameter is equal to or more than about 0.01 micrometers and less than about 0.15 micrometers, and indicates a peak P2 in a range where the pore diameter is from about 0.15 micrometers to about 0.9 micrometers both inclusive. (C) A ratio I2/I1 between intensity I1 of the peak P1 and intensity I2 of the peak P2 is from about 0.5 to about 20 both inclusive. (D) Porosity of the cathode is from about 30 percent to about 50 percent both inclusive.

Abstract: A battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode where a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material containing natural graphite is formed on at least one surface of a negative electrode collector, and an electrolyte. A thickness of the negative electrode active material layer per one surface of the negative electrode collector is 50 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and in the negative electrode active material layer from the negative electrode collector up to ½ of the thickness of the layer in a surface direction of the negative electrode active material layer, an orientation degree A expressed as (peak intensity of carbon 002 face/peak intensity of carbon 110 face) that is a peak intensity ratio of a carbon 002 face and a carbon 110 face measured by an X-ray diffraction is 100 or more and 500 or less.

Abstract: A cryopump system includes a cryopump configured to perform a preparatory operation including a cooldown from a room temperature to a cryogenic temperature and to perform a vacuum pumping operation at the cryogenic temperature, a compressor unit of a working gas for the cryopump, a gas line connecting the cryopump and the compressor unit, a gas volume adjuster configured to increase a quantity of the working gas in the gas line during the vacuum pumping operation in comparison with that during the preparatory operation, and a control device configured to control the compressor unit so as to provide a pressure control for the gas line.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a cathode including an active material; an anode; and an electrolytic solution. The active material has a composition represented by Formula (1) described below. A median diameter (D90) of the active material is from about 10.5 micrometers to about 60 micrometers both inclusive, the median diameter (D90) being measured by a laser diffraction method. A half bandwidth (2?) of a diffraction peak corresponding to a (020) crystal plane of the active material is from about 0.15 degrees to about 0.24 degrees both inclusive, the half bandwidth (2?) being measured by an X-ray diffraction method. LiaMnbFecMdPO4??(1) where M represents one or more of Mg, Ni, Co, Al, W, Nb, Ti, Si, Cr, Cu, and Zn; and 0<a?2, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, 0?d<1, and b+c+d=1 are established.

Abstract: A cryopump system includes: a cryopump including a refrigerator for executing cooling operation for cooling a cryopanel and heating operation for regenerating the cryopanel; and a compressor for supplying operating gas to the refrigerator. The cryopump system raises the temperature of operating gas in the compressor during the heating operation than the temperature thereof during the cooling operation. The compressor may include a heat exchanger for cooling operating gas to be supplied to the refrigerator, and a bypass passage that circumvents the heat exchanger. The control unit may switch, in accordance with the operation status of the refrigerator, between a flow passage that passes through the heat exchanger and a flow passage that passes through the bypass flow passage.

Abstract: An oil separator separating oil contained in coolant gas includes an inlet part provided on the upstream side in a passage through which the coolant gas flows, and including a gas inlet port to introduce the coolant gas; an outlet part provided on the downstream side in the passage and including a gas outlet port to lead out the coolant gas and an oil discharge port to discharge the separated oil; a first filtration part provided between the inlet part and the outlet part and configured to filter out the oil from the coolant gas; a second filtration part provided on the downstream side of the first filtration part with a gap between the first and second filtration parts, and configured to filter out the oil from the coolant gas; and an oil separating part including a perforated plate provided on the downstream-side end face of the first filtration part.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus includes: a solenoid valve; a hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amount calculation section configured to calculate a hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amount; and a command current control section configured to control the command current in accordance with the hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amount, the hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amount calculation section having, as a reference map, a full hysteresis characteristic, and being configured to make a plurality of reduction maps each of which is obtained by reducing the reference map in accordance with a turn-round position at one of minor loops from a past to a present time when the minor loop continues, and to calculate the hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amount by summation of the hysteresis hydraulic pressure correction amounts obtained by the plurality of the reduction maps in the same command current position.