Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a light source including light-emitting elements configured to oscillate in a single transverse mode; and an optical member that is provided on a light-emitting path of the light source and configured to diffuse and emit light emitted by the light source.

Abstract: A light emitting element formed of a laminate having a current constriction layer includes: a semiconductor substrate; a light emitting portion having plural first recess portions having a depth reaching the current constriction layer, and a current constriction structure formed in the current constriction layer and having an oxidized region where the current constriction layer is oxidized and a non-oxidized region surrounded by the oxidized region; an electrode pad disposed between the light emitting portion and an outer edge portion of the semiconductor substrate; and a step portion disposed between the electrode pad and the light emitting portion and formed from an upper surface of the laminate to the current constriction layer, and the current constriction layer in a region surrounded by the step portion is the oxidized region except for the non-oxidized region.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltages output from the amplifiers of the plurality of pixels to digital values; and a conversion unit configured to convert the digital value output from the A/D converter to the number of photons by referring to reference data, for each of the plurality of pixels, and the reference data is created based on a gain and an offset value for each of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltages output from the amplifiers of the plurality of pixels to digital values; and a conversion unit configured to convert the digital value output from the A/D converter to the number of photons by referring to reference data, for each of the plurality of pixels, and the reference data is created based on a gain and an offset value for each of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is provided with a light source and a controller. The light source includes multiple light-emitting elements and multiple driving elements that are provided in correspondence with the light-emitting elements and drive the light-emitting elements to light up by going to an ON state. The controller controls a switching between a successive lighting operation that causes the light-emitting elements to light up successively and a simultaneous lighting operation that causes the light-emitting elements to light up simultaneously in parallel. The light source includes a power supply line set to a reference potential or a power supply potential, a driving signal line that is connected to the power supply line and that supplies a driving signal to the driving elements, and a lighting signal line that supplies a lighting signal for causing the light-emitting elements to light up.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage output from the amplifier of each of the plurality of pixels to a digital value and output the digital value, a correction unit configured to correct the digital value output from the A/D converter so that an influence of a variation in a gain and an offset value among the plurality of pixels is curbed, a calculation unit configured to output a summed value obtained by summing the corrected digital values corresponding to at least two pixels, and a conversion unit configured to convert the summed value output from the calculation unit to a number of photons.

Abstract: A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltages output from the amplifiers of the plurality of pixels to digital values; and a conversion unit configured to convert the digital value output from the A/D converter to the number of photons by referring to reference data, for each of the plurality of pixels, and the reference data is created based on a gain and an offset value for each of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light diffusing member that diffuses light emitted from a light source so that an object to be measured is irradiated with the light; and a holding unit that is provided on plural wires connected to the light source and holds the light diffusing member.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light diffusing member that diffuses light emitted from a light source so that an object to be measured is irradiated with the light; and a holding unit that holds the light diffusing member and is provided on a wire connected to the light source so as to be located in an uncoated region of the wire.

Abstract: A light emitter includes: a substrate; a driving section provided on the substrate; a light source that is provided on the substrate and is driven by the driving section; a cover section through which light emitted from the light source is transmitted and that is disposed in an optical axial direction of the light source; and a support section that is provided on a part of the substrate excluding a part between the driving section and the light source and supports the cover section.

Abstract: A light emitter includes: a substrate; a capacitor provided on the substrate; a light source that is provided on the substrate and to which a driving current from electric charges accumulated in the capacitor is supplied; a cover section through which light emitted from the light source is transmitted and that is disposed in an optical axial direction of the light source; and a support section that is provided on a part of the substrate excluding a part between the capacitor and the light source and supports the cover section.

Abstract: A method for producing a turbine rotor includes forming a rotor base material having a maximum outer diameter of 1000 mm or less from low-alloy steel including carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; heating the rotor base material, by a quenching process, to a temperature range of 940° C. to 960° C.; performing oil quenching on the rotor base material, after the quenching process, in a temperature range of 250° C. to 500° C., at a cooling rate of at least 2.0° C./min; and tempering the rotor base material, after the quenching process, at a temperature of at least 630° C., and under a condition that a tempering parameter P is in the range of 19700 to 19900, wherein P is defined by the formula P=T (C+log(t)).

Abstract: A method for producing a turbine rotor includes forming a rotor base material having a maximum outer diameter of 1000 mm or less from low-alloy steel including carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium; heating the rotor base material, by a quenching process, to a temperature range of 940° C. to 960° C.; performing oil quenching on the rotor base material, after the quenching process, in a temperature range of 250° C. to 500° C., at a cooling rate of at least 2.0° C./min; and tempering the rotor base material, after the quenching process, at a temperature of at least 630° C., and under a condition that a tempering parameter P is in the range of 19700 to 19900, wherein P is defined by the formula P=T (C+log(t)).

Abstract: A gateway converts a signal between a transmitting terminal capable of transmitting printable print contents in accordance with a FAX protocol and a receiving terminal capable of receiving the print contents in accordance with an HTTP protocol and printing the print contents.

Abstract: A printing system includes a transmitting terminal, which transmits printable printing contents, and a printing apparatus terminal, which receives and prints the printing contents, which are connected to the printing system via an Internet protocol network.

Abstract: A facsimile machine includes an image data generating unit that reads a original and generates image data, an information transmitting and receiving unit that transmits and receive the digital data, a first data generating unit that generates first digital data used for a real-time communication method without using analog data, and a second data generating unit that generates second digital data used for a deemed voice communication method without using analog data. when using the real-time communication method, the first data generating unit generates the first digital data and the information transmitting and receiving unit transmits the first digital data to the destination. When using the deemed voice communication method, the second data generating unit generates the second digital data and the information transmitting and receiving unit transmits the second digital data to the destination.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus includes: receiving unit which receives plural types of sheets including facsimile sheets; a printing unit which performs printing on the sheet received in the receiving unit; an operation unit which is operated; a facsimile data receiving unit which receives facsimile data; a reception print controller which allows the printing unit to perform facsimile printing on the basis of the received facsimile data; and a sheet-setting acquiring unit which acquires sheet setting of a type of sheets to be printed, wherein the reception print controller selectively performs reception setting for automatic reception in which the facsimile printing is performed by the printing unit when the facsimile data is received and reception setting for manual reception in which the facsimile printing is performed on the basis of the operation of the operation unit after the facsimile data is received, and the reception print controller performs the reception setting in accordance with the acquired sheet settin

Abstract: A gateway converts a signal between a transmitting terminal capable of transmitting printable print contents in accordance with a FAX protocol and a receiving terminal capable of receiving the print contents in accordance with an HTTP protocol and printing the print contents.