Abstract: The present invention provides particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information, comprising: the particles having a substantially spherical shape, which are made by polymerizing raw materials including monomers, which include (acrylic or methacrylic) resin-hydrocarbon resin copolymer in the particles, in which a part of or all of the monomers are a multifunctional monomer having a plurality of polymerization reactive groups in one molecule, and which have minute irregularities on their surface evenly. By such a construction, the particles for display media can obtain irregularities firmly fixed on their surface. Poor display can be solved by using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information, comprising: the particles having a substantially spherical shape, which are made by polymerizing raw materials including monomers, which include (acrylic or methacrylic) resin-hydrocarbon resin copolymer in the particles, in which a part of or all of the monomers are a multifunctional monomer having a plurality of polymerization reactive groups in one molecule, and which have minute irregularities on their surface evenly. By such a construction, the particles for display media can obtain irregularities firmly fixed on their surface. Poor display can be solved by using the same.

Abstract: In the particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media having optical reflectance and charge characteristics are sealed between two substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information such as an image, the particles for display media having a substantially circular shape produced by a suspension polymerization of particle materials including monomer, wherein a part of the monomer is a cross-linking monomer and an amount of the cross-linking monomer is not less than 10 parts by weight and less than 50 parts by weight. By using the particles mentioned above, it is possible to obtain high heat resistance and low drive voltage (drive electric field).

Abstract: In a semiconductive member having a coating film containing a conductive agent formed on the surface of a substrate such as an elastic material, or a semiconductive member having an elastic material as a substrate containing a conductive agent, the conductive agent is coated with an ion-containing resin or a resin having high charge attenuation properties.

Abstract: In the particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media having optical reflectance and charge characteristics are sealed between two substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information such as an image, the particles for display media having a substantially circular shape produced by a suspension polymerization of particle materials including monomer, wherein a part of the monomer is a cross-linking monomer and an amount of the cross-linking monomer is not less than 10 parts by weight and less than 50 parts by weight. By using the particles mentioned above, it is possible to obtain high heat resistance and low drive voltage (drive electric field).

Abstract: There is disclosed a rubber composition comprising (A) butadiene rubber and/or (B) isoprene rubber in the form of liquid and (C) silicone rubber at a {(A)+(B)}/(C) ratio by weight in the range of 97/3 to 5/95. The composition is capable of affording an elastic member which has a low hardness and excellent wear resistance, and which is well suited for use in a variety of part items that are installed in an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrostatic recording apparatus, including copying machinery, printers, facsimile apparatus and the like, in particular a developing roller. There are also disclosed a developing roller which comprises the above rubber composition, is improved in wear resistance for a developer without causing high hardness thereof, and is capable of affording a steadily favorable image without fail for a long period of time; and further a developing apparatus which comprises the above developing roller.

Abstract: A shaft is disclosed, having good electroconductivity and an electroconductive elastic layer which is formed on the outside periphery of the shaft, and which has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.15 W /m·K; and an image formation apparatus equipped with the developing roller. The above developing roller is capable of suppressing temperature rise of the roller surface, thereby preventing a developer from being adhesively fixed to the roller surface, suppressing wear on the roller surface, suppressing the generation of cracking, crazing and the like on the roller end, and thus affording favorable images for a long period of time.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner carrier (I) having at least 0.70 of Z value, which is obtained from the formula (1) and deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier at the time of measuring the universal hardness of the surface thereof: Z=We/(We+Wr)  (1) wherein We is elastic energy and Wr is plastic energy; a toner carrier (II) having at most 10.0 &mgr;m of 60 sec. creep value obtained from deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load of 100 mN /mm2; and a toner carrier (III) having at most 3 N /mm2 of universal hardness at a depth of at most 5 &mgr;m from the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load applying rate of 100/60(mN/mm2/sec.). Each of the toner carriers can afford steadily favorable images.

Abstract: In a semiconductive member having a coating film containing a conductive agent formed on the surface of a substrate such as an elastic material, or a semiconductive member having an elastic material as a substrate containing a conductive agent, the conductive agent is coated with an ion-containing resin or a resin having high charge attenuation properties.

Abstract: There are disclosed a developing roller comprisig a shaft having good electroconductivity and an electroconductive elastic layer which is formed on the outside periphery of the shaft, and which has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.15 W/m·K; and an image formation apparatus equipped with the developing roller. The above developing roller is capable of suppessing temperature rise of the roller surface, thereby preventing a developer from being adhesively fixed to the roller surface, suppessing wear on the roller surface, suppessing the generation of cracking, crazing and the like on the roller end, and thus affording favorable images for a long period of time.

Abstract: A toner carrier which carries a toner in the form of thin film on its surface, comes close to or comes into contact with the image-forming body so as to supply the toner to the surface of the image-forming body, thereby forming a visible image on the surface of the image-forming body, said toner carrier being characterized in that its conductive elastic layer has a coating layer thereon which is made of a material containing a resin with a glass transition point lower than 10° C. and has a dynamic elastic modulus (E′) of 107-109.8 dyn/cm2 and a loss tangent (tan &dgr;) smaller than 0.7. A toner carrier in which the electrically conductive elastic layer is formed from an elastic material having a tear strength greater than 10 kg/cm measured according to JIS K6252.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rubber composition comprising (A) butadiene rubber and/or (B) isoprene rubber in the form of liquid and (C) silicone rubber at a {(A)+(B)}/(C) ratio by weight in the range of 97/3 to 5/95. The composition is capable of affording an elastic member which has a low hardness and excellent wear resistance, and which is well suited for use in a variety of part items that are installed in an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrostatic recording apparatus, including copying machinery, printers, facsimile apparatus and the like, in particular a developing roller. There are also disclosed a developing roller which comprises the above rubber composition, is improved in wear resistance for a developer without causing high hardness thereof, and is capable of affording a steadily favorable image without fail for a long period of time; and further a developing apparatus which comprises the above developing roller.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner carrier (1) having at least 0.