Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a conductive film containing molybdenum and a metal element. The metal element has a melting point lower than the melting point of molybdenum and forms a complete solid solution with molybdenum. The metal element as a material for composing the conductive film is at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, titanium, vanadium, and niobium.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the external additive comprises a silica particle and a hydrotalcite particle containing fluorine which is present in cross sections of the hydrotalcite particle, wherein, when a content of the hydrotalcite particle containing the fluorine and a content of the silica particle to 100 parts by mass of the toner particle are defined as Wh and Ws respectively, Wh and Ws are in specific ranges, and a sum of areas of peaks which are present in a range of ?140 to 100 ppm of a chemical shift of the silica particle obtained by a solid-state 29Si-NMR DD/MAS method is defined as S, the area of the peak of a D unit and Q unit are defined as D and Q respectively, the Wh, the Ws, S, the D, and the Q satisfy a specific relationship.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a resin A, and an external additive A, wherein the resin A is a resin represented by formula (1) below, the resin A is present at the surface of the toner particle, the external additive A is a fine particle containing silicon, the average value of the shape factor SF-1 of the external additive A is from 105 to 120, the average value of the shape factor SF-2 of the external additive A is from 100 to 130.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and an external additive, wherein the toner particle further comprises a monohydric aliphatic alcohol, the monohydric aliphatic alcohol has 8 to 18 carbon atoms, a content ratio of the monohydric aliphatic alcohol extracted from the toner with ethanol is 30 to 300 ppm by mass in the toner, and the external additive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite particles and alumina particles.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the toner particle further comprises: a compound represented by R1—[OCH2CH2]n—OH, where, R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3; and at least one polyvalent element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, boron and iron, and a content of the polyvalent element in the toner is 100 mass ppm to 5000 mass ppm.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the toner particle further comprises a monohydric aliphatic alcohol, and an anionic surfactant having an alkyl group, the binder resin comprises a polyester resin, a carbon number of the monohydric aliphatic alcohol is 8 to 18, a content of the monohydric aliphatic alcohol when extracted from the toner with ethanol is 30 to 300 ppm by mass in the toner, and a value of a ratio (molar ratio) of the monohydric aliphatic alcohol extracted from the toner with ethanol relative to the anionic surfactant having an alkyl group extracted from the toner with methanol is 0.01 to 0.60.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the toner particle further comprises a compound represented by a following formula (1) and a pigment having a quinacridone structure; where, in the formula (1), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A toner is provided that comprises a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a wax, and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the binder resin comprises a resin A; the toner satisfies 2.50?SPa?SPw?4.50, where SPa (cal/cm3)0.5 is the SP value of the resin A, and SPw (cal/cm3)0.5 is the SP value of the wax; the inorganic fine particle comprises a silica fine particle whose surface has been treated with a silicone oil; in a 29Si solid-state NMR measurement of the silica fine particle, 30?B?60 and 4.0?A/B?6.0 are satisfied, taking A as an integration value of a D unit obtained by taking an integration value of a Q unit in a CP/MAS measurement as 100, and taking B as an integration value of a D unit obtained by taking an integration value of a Q unit in a DD/MAS measurement as 100.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a crystalline resin A, the crystalline resin A comprises a monomer unit derived from a monomer (a), the monomer (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the peak temperature and endothermic quantity at an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin A in DSC measurements using the toner satisfy specific relationships, and the release agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based waxes and ester waxes.

Abstract: A toner contains a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax. The resin component contains a vinyl polymer A having a monomer unit A represented by the formula (A): In a luminance histogram created from STEM observation, the total pixel value C in luminance 0 to 9 and the total pixel value A in luminance 0 to 245 satisfy 0.000?C/A?0.250. When the pixel value in luminance 10 to 245 has a maximum value P at luminance X, luminance M-luminance N ranges from 120 to 235, wherein the luminance M denotes a luminance at which the pixel value falls below 20% of P for the first time from the luminance X to 245, and the luminance N denotes a luminance at which the pixel value falls below 20% of the P for the first time from the luminance X to 10.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle comprises a binder resin, a resin A, a wax, and a fatty acid metal salt, the resin A has a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule, and a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle comprises a binder resin, a resin A, and a resin B, the resin A comprises a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule, a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, and the resin B comprises an azo group in a molecule.

Abstract: A production method for obtaining a compound having an amide bond and also having an alkoxysilyl group by a reaction of a compound including a carboxy group with a compound having an amino group and an alkoxysilyl group, the production method comprising: a step of conducting the reaction using a triazine-based amidating agent and under a basic condition.

Abstract: Toner comprising a toner particle, the toner particle includes a toner core particle and an organosilicon polymer covering the toner core particle surface, the organosilicon polymer has a structure represented by R4—SiO3/2 (R4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group), the toner core particle includes a resin A having a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule thereof, a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, a content of silicon atoms in the resin A is 0.02 to 10.00% by mass, and a content of silicon atoms in the organosilicon polymer is 30 to 50% by mass.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a resin A, and an external additive A, wherein the resin A is a resin represented by formula (1) below, the resin A is present at the surface of the toner particle, the external additive A is a fine particle containing silicon, the average value of the shape factor SF-1 of the external additive A is from 105 to 120, the average value of the shape factor SF-2 of the external additive A is from 100 to 130.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a resin represented by formula (1), and wax, wherein the wax contains an ester compound that exhibits a compatibility at 100° C. of at least 5.0 mass parts per 100.0 mass parts of the binder resin: wherein in formula (1), P1 represents a macromolecular segment; L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; R1 to R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, hydroxy group, or aryl group; m represents a positive integer; and when m is equal to or greater than 2, a plurality of L1's, a plurality of R1's, a plurality of R2's, and a plurality of R3's may be the same as or different from each other.

Abstract: A toner includes a toner particle containing a binder resin and an inorganic infrared absorbent particle, wherein (1) in spectrometry of a fixed image obtained by fixing an unfixed image formed on a recording material by using the toner in a loading amount of 0.30 mg/cm2, a maximum value of a light absorbance in a wavelength range of 400 nm or more and 800 nm or less is 10% or less, and (2) in cross section observation of the toner particle using a transmission electron microscope, when a circle having the center of gravity of a cross section image of the toner particle as the center thereof and having a radius of 2.0 ?m is drawn and the circle is divided into four to form four quadrants, a coefficient of variation in number of the inorganic infrared absorbent particles observed in each quadrant is 0.50 or less.

Abstract: Toner comprising a toner particle, the toner particle includes a toner core particle and an organosilicon polymer covering the toner core particle surface, the organosilicon polymer has a structure represented by R4—SiO3/2 (R4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group), the toner core particle includes a resin A having a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule thereof, a substituent of the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, a content of silicon atoms in the resin A is 0.02 to 10.00% by mass, and a content of silicon atoms in the organosilicon polymer is 30 to 50% by mass.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a resin A, wherein the resin A contains an ester bond, and has a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in a molecule thereof, a substituent on the substituted silyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, hydroxy groups, aryl groups, and halogen atoms; and a content of the ester bond in the resin A is at least 12.0 mass %.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a resin represented by formula (1), and wax, wherein the wax contains an ester compound that exhibits a compatibility at 100° C. of at least 5.0 mass parts per 100.0 mass parts of the binder resin: wherein in formula (1), P1 represents a macromolecular segment; L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; R1 to R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, hydroxy group, or aryl group; m represents a positive integer; and when m is equal to or greater than 2, a plurality of L1's, a plurality of R1's, a plurality of R2's, and a plurality of R3's may be the same as or different from each other.