Abstract: An ingot having a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a third surface extending in a first direction from the second surface to the first surface and connecting the first and second surfaces includes a first mono-like crystalline portion, a first intermediate portion including one or more mono-like crystalline sections, and a second mono-like crystalline portion sequentially adjacent to one another in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first and second mono-like crystalline portions have a greater width than the first intermediate portion in the second direction. A first boundary between the first mono-like crystalline portion and the first intermediate portion and a second boundary between the second mono-like crystalline portion and the first intermediate portion each include a coincidence boundary. At least one of the first or second boundary is curved in an imaginary cross section perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A duplexer has an antenna terminal, a first terminal, and second terminals and provided with a first filter arranged between the antenna terminal and first terminal and including a parallel resonator for forming a ladder type filter circuit, a second filter arranged between the antenna terminal and the second terminal and having a passband higher than a passband of the first filter, and an electromagnetic coupling element arranged between the parallel resonator of the first filter and a ground part and electromagnetically coupled with the antenna terminal.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a duplexer able to improve the isolation characteristic and the attenuation characteristic and a communication device using the same. [Solution] A configuration having an antenna terminal 4, a first terminal 1, and second terminals 2, 3 and provided with a first filter 5 arranged between the antenna terminal 4 and first terminal 1 and including a parallel resonator for forming a ladder type filter circuit, a second filter 6 arranged between the antenna terminal 4 and the second terminal 2 and having a passband higher than a passband of the first filter 5, and an electromagnetic coupling element 8 arranged between the parallel resonator of the first filter 5 and a ground part G and electromagnetically coupled with the antenna terminal 4.

Abstract: Provided is a demultiplexer capable of improving attenuation characteristic and isolation characteristic of a filter having a lower transmission frequency band among two filters having different transmission frequency bands, outside the transmission frequency band of a high-frequency side. A communication device using the demultiplexer is also disclosed. A first spiral wiring portion (55) and a sixth wiring portion (56) are formed so that an angle defined by a direction of a part (L1) of the first spiral wiring portion (55) and a direction of a part (L2) of the sixth spiral wiring portion (56) on a predetermined virtual plane is, for example, 0 degree and the direction of the current flowing in the part (L1) of the first spiral wiring portion (55) is opposite to the direction of the current flowing in the part (L2) if the sixth wiring portion (56).

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a first surface acoustic wave filter forming a ladder filter circuit; and a second surface acoustic wave filter having a passband at a frequency range higher than that of the first surface acoustic wave filter. The first surface acoustic wave filter includes a series-arm surface acoustic wave resonator, a parallel-arm surface acoustic wave resonator and an additional surface acoustic wave resonator. The series-arm surface acoustic wave resonator is on a series arm of the ladder filter circuit and includes an IDT electrode. The parallel-arm surface acoustic wave resonator is on a parallel arm of the ladder filter circuit and includes an IDT electrode. The additional surface acoustic wave resonator includes an IDT electrode, is connected in parallel with the series-arm surface acoustic wave resonator, and has a resonance frequency higher than the frequency range of the passband of the second surface acoustic wave filter.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave transmitter-receiver uses an NRD guide as a fundamental configuration and includes a millimeter-wave signal oscillator, a pulse modulator, a circulator, an antenna and a mixer. In the millimeter-wave transmitter-receiver, a line length of a third dielectric guide is set so that ?=±? in which ? is a phase difference at a center frequency between a portion of a transmission millimeter-wave signal, which is reflected via a third dielectric guide on the leading end portion of the third dielectric guide and returned to leak to a third connecting portion of the circulator, and another portion of the millimeter-wave signal, which leaks from a first connecting portion to the third connecting portion of the circulator. It is possible to reduce the change in the mixer output and enhance the millimeter-wave transmission/reception performance.

Abstract: Provided is a demultiplexer capable of improving attenuation characteristic and isolation characteristic of a filter having a lower transmission frequency band among two filters having different transmission frequency bands, outside the transmission frequency band of a high-frequency side. A communication device using the demultiplexer is also disclosed. A first spiral wiring portion (55) and a sixth wiring portion (56) are formed so that an angle defined by a direction of a part (L1) of the first spiral wiring portion (55) and a direction of a part (L2) of the sixth spiral wiring portion (56) on a predetermined virtual plane is, for >example, 0 degree and the direction of the current flowing in the part (L1) of the first spiral wiring portion (55) is opposite to the direction of the current flowing in the part (L2) if the sixth wiring portion (56).

Abstract: A mixer capable of keeping mixing characteristics tuned satisfactorily is provided. A coupler includes two input ends, and one or two output ends. At the output end is disposed a Schottky-barrier diode acting as a high-frequency detection element. Connected to the Schottky-barrier diode is a bias supply circuit having a trimmable chip resistor acting as a pre-set variable resistor, for controlling a bias current which passes through the Schottky-barrier diode. By adjusting the resistance of the trimmable chip resistor, it is possible to control a bias current passing through the Schottky-barrier diode, and thereby keep mixing characteristics tuned satisfactorily.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave transmitter-receiver uses an NRD guide as a fundamental configuration and includes a millimeter-wave signal oscillator, a pulse modulator, a circulator, an antenna and a mixer. In the millimeter-wave transmitter-receiver, a line length of a third dielectric guide is set so that ?=±? in which ? is a phase difference at a center frequency between a portion of a transmission millimeter-wave signal, which is reflected via a third dielectric guide on the leading end portion of the third dielectric guide and returned to leak to a third connecting portion of the circulator, and another portion of the millimeter-wave signal, which leaks from a first connecting portion to the third connecting portion of the circulator. It is possible to reduce the change in the mixer output and enhance the millimeter-wave transmission/reception performance.

Abstract: A primary radiator comprises a base part in an upper surface of which a groove having a width of ½ to {fraction (1/1)} of the signal wavelength of a high frequency signal and a depth of about ¼ of the signal wavelength is formed as a waveguide for the high frequency signal, and a moving part which is placed in such a manner as to cover the groove, and which includes a coupling window for an electromagnetic wave of the high frequency signal and a reflecting member that is formed on a lower surface of the moving part in such a manner as to fit in a cross section of the groove and is positioned away from the coupling window by ⅛ to {fraction (1/1)} of the guide wavelength of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: A beam scanning antenna has the following structure: A primary radiator and a flat wave collector are disposed between metal plates, and input and output portions are provided on one of the metal plates. In the wave collector, a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes substantially parallel to one another in the direction of travel of electromagnetic waves is disposed on one principal surface of a substrate made of a material whose dielectric constant can be changed by an electrostatic field, and on the other principal surface, an counter electrode being strip-shaped or formed on a substantially entire area of the surface is disposed so as to be opposed to the strip-shaped electrodes.

Abstract: A connection structure for dielectric waveguide lines, which includes dielectric waveguide lines including dielectric substrates, a pair of main conductor layers, dielectric substrates parallel with one another being sandwiched therebetween, two rows of side-wall through conductor groups arranged at intervals less than one half of a signal wavelength in a transmission direction of high-frequency signals, so as to electrically connect the pair of main conductor layers, and a sub conductor layer disposed between each pair of main conductor layers in parallel with the main conductor layers and electrically connected with the side-wall through conductor groups. The waveguides are stacked so that the main conductor layers partly overlap each other to define an overlap part, in which a coupling window is formed. This allows design freedom and easy fabrication.

Abstract: A primary radiator comprises a base part in an upper surface of which a groove having a width of ½ to {fraction (1/1)} of the signal wavelength of a high frequency signal and a depth of about ¼ of the signal wavelength is formed as a waveguide for the high frequency signal, and a moving part which is placed in such a manner as to cover the groove, and which includes a coupling window for an electromagnetic wave of the high frequency signal and a reflecting member that is formed on a lower surface of the moving part in such a manner as to fit in a cross section of the groove and is positioned away from the coupling window by ⅛ to {fraction (1/1)} of the guide wavelength of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: A beam scanning antenna has the following structure: A primary radiator and a flat wave collector are disposed between metal plates, and input and output portions are provided on one of the metal plates. In the wave collector, a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes substantially parallel to one another in the direction of travel of electromagnetic waves is disposed on one principal surface of a substrate made of a material whose dielectric constant can be changed by an electrostatic field, and on the other principal surface, an counter electrode being strip-shaped or formed on a substantially entire area of the surface is disposed so as to be opposed to the strip-shaped electrodes.

Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are no more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d≦A≦3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.

Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are not more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d≦A≦3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.

Abstract: An antenna feeder line of the invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a first main conductor layer, a second main conductor layer, through conductor groups in two rows and sub conductor layers, which form a dielectric waveguide line, wherein a slot is provided in the first main conductor layer of the dielectric waveguide line, high-frequency signals are fed to an antenna device disposed above the slot, and a grounding conductor comprising a conducting bar and/or a conductor layer, for electrically connecting the first and second surfaces constituting H surfaces is disposed in a position which is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction and at a distance substantially not more than ½ the distance between E surfaces from side surfaces constituting the E surfaces, in a transmission area within a distance substantially the same as the signal wavelength from the slot to the input side or the side opposite thereto.

Abstract: An antenna feeder line of the invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a first main conductor layer, a second main conductor layer, through conductor groups in two rows and sub conductor layers, which form a dielectric waveguide line, wherein a slot is provided in the first main conductor layer of the dielectric waveguide line, high-frequency signals are fed to an antenna device disposed above the slot, and a grounding conductor comprising a conducting bar and/or a conductor layer, for electrically connecting the first and second surfaces constituting H surfaces is disposed in a position which is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction and at a distance substantially not more than ½ the distance between E surfaces from side surfaces constituting the E surfaces, in a transmission area within a distance substantially the same as the signal wavelength from the slot to the input side or the side opposite thereto.

Abstract: There is provided a laminated aperture antenna in which a conductor wall composing the antenna is composed of a plurality of through conductors disposed at predetermined intervals and a plurality of sub-conductor layers disposed between dielectric layers of a dielectric substrate so as to electrically connect the plurality of through conductors within the dielectric substrate formed by laminating dielectric layers, or in which a resonant space is formed by a space of the dielectric surrounded by the conductor wall composing the antenna formed as described above, a lower conductor layer electrically connected to that and an aperture of the upper conductor layer corresponding to the antenna conductor wall. There is also provided a multi-layered wiring board comprising such laminated aperture antenna. Such laminated aperture antenna may be miniaturized and thinned and may be readily fabricated by the conventional lamination technology.

Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are no more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.