Abstract: Temperature of a structural member is maintained at allowable temperature or less by suppressing heat transfer from a high-temperature duct to the structural member. An insertion sheet according to the present invention is inserted between a flange and a partition panel. The flange is provided on a bleed duct and is fastened to the partition panel. The bleed duct penetrates through a partition wall of an aircraft. The insertion sheet includes first parts and a second part. The first parts are disposed near respective shafts of rivets provided at a plurality of positions of the insertion sheet. The second part extends among the first parts. The first parts bear a load of fastening, and the second part has thermal conductivity lower than thermal conductivity of the first parts.

Abstract: An evaporator includes: a vessel having a refrigerant inlet for receiving a refrigerant at a lower part of the vessel, and a refrigerant outlet for discharging the refrigerant in an evaporated state at an upper part of the vessel; and a plurality of heat-transfer tubes disposed so as to extend inside the vessel along a longitudinal direction of the vessel, and configured to transfer heat received from a fluid flowing inside the heat-transfer tubes to the refrigerant flowing outside the heat-transfer tubes. The plurality of heat-transfer tubes are disposed so that at least one downward flow passage is defined through the plurality of heat-transfer tubes or around the plurality of heat-transfer tubes, the at least one downward flow passage having a width larger than a representative interval between the plurality of heat-transfer tubes.