Abstract: A liquid discharge head has an element base plate provided with a plurality of heat generating members and electrode wiring formed by thin-filmed electrode and common thick-filmed electrode for applying driving signals to the heat generating members, and with the structure arranged to form a flow path structural member to constitute discharge ports and liquid flow paths corresponding to each of the heat generating members, the common thick-filmed electrode is covered and sealed by the flow path structural member, and then, the driving IC assembled on an IC assembling and others are sealed by use of sealant, hence making it possible to secure the sealing capability, while making the distance between the common thick-filmed electrode and the driving IC smaller for the effective utilization of the area of the base plate. Thus, the element base plate can be made smaller.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head has an element base plate provided with a plurality of heat generating members and electrode wiring formed by thin-filmed electrode and common thick-filmed electrode for applying driving signals to the heat generating members, and with the structure arranged to form a flow path structural member to constitute discharge ports and liquid flow paths corresponding to each of the heat generating members, the common thick-filmed electrode is covered and sealed by the flow path structural member, and then, the driving IC assembled on an IC assembling and others are sealed by use of sealant, hence making it possible to secure the sealing capability, while making the distance between the common thick-filmed electrode and the driving IC smaller for the effective utilization of the area of the base plate. Thus, the element base plate can be made smaller.

Abstract: A photosensitive colored material mainly composed of an aromatic polyamide or polyimide resin having a photosensitive group in its molecule, a coloring matter, and a solvent, wherein; said solvent comprises a first solvent component capable of independently dissolving said resin alone and a second solvent component having a smaller surface tension than said first solvent component and incapable of independently solving said resin; and the content of said first solvent component is larger than the content of said second solvent component.

Abstract: A photosensitive colored material mainly composed of an aromatic polyamide or polyimide resin having a photosensitive group in its molecule, a coloring matter, and a solvent, wherein; said solvent comprises a first solvent component capable of independently dissolving said resin alone and a second solvent component having a smaller surface tension than said first solvent component and incapable of independently solving said resin; and the content of said first solvent component is larger than the content of said second solvent component.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a color filter, comprising repetitively forming a patterned opaque film and a photosensitive colored resin film on a substrate and exposing the resin film to exposure from the back side of the substrate using the pattern as a mask; and a color filter prepared by the process.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.

Abstract: Surface Stability Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device having color filters assembled avoids, generation of alignment defect ocurring in the initial alignment control step by providing space of 0-5 microns between adjacent trapezoidal color filters having prescribed taper angle and thickness.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrode substrate for use in a liquid crystal device in which a laminate film comprised of a transparent conductive film and a metal film is formed of a first side of a transparent substrate. The laminate film is pattern-etched so as to form islands of the laminate film in a predetermined pattern. A photosensitive anaerobic colored resin is applied on the transparent substrate on which the islands of laminate film are arranged in the predetermined pattern. The transparent substrate is uniformly exposed to a light from a second side of the substrate opposite to the first side in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Unexposed portions of the photosensitive anaerobic resin are removed so as to leave the photosensitive anaerobic resin only in the spaces between adjacent islands of the laminate film, for forming a light-shielding film in each of the spaces.

Abstract: A smectic liquid crystal is injected into a liquid crystal panel according to the vacuum injection scheme. The liquid crystal is applied over an injection port of a blank panel while maintaining the panel at a temperature below a temperature at which the liquid crystal shows a fluidity and controlling the liquid crystal at a viscosity of 0.0005 -0.005 kg/ms. As a result, an appropriate amount of the liquid crystal can be applied, thereby providing a liquid crystal panel free from inversion of bubbles and good and uniform alignment free from alignment failure.

Abstract: A surface stability ferroelectric liquid crystal device has color filters with adjacent resin films. The resin films are provided by a first resin film and a second resin film, wherein the second resin film is formed with a resin solution having a viscosity higher than that of the first resin film.

Abstract: Surface Stability Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device having color filters assembled therein avoids generation of alignment defect ocurring in the initial alignment control step by providing space of 0-5 microns between adjacent color filters.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.

Abstract: An aqueous mixture etchant containing hydroiodic acid and ferric chloride is suitable for etching ITO to form a minute electrode pattern as used in a liquid crystal display device. When the etchant has caused a decrease in etching performance due to a compositional change, it can be effectively regenerated by replenishing appropriate amounts of hydrochloric acid and pure water, or an appropriate amount of a dilute hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration, while minimizing the use of hydroiodic acid and ferric chloride which are rather expensive compared with hydrochloric acid and pure water.

Abstract: A smectic liquid crystal is injected into a liquid crystal panel according to the vacuum injection scheme. The liquid crystal is applied over an injection port of a blank panel while maintaining the panel at a temperature below a temperature at which the liquid crystal shows a fluidity and controlling the liquid crystal at a viscosity of 0.0005-0.005 kg/ms. As a result, an appropriate amount of the liquid crystal can be applied, thereby providing a liquid crystal panel free from inversion of bubbles and good and uniform alignment free from alignment failure.

Abstract: Surface Stability Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device having color filters assembled therein avoids, generation of alignment defect ocurring in the initial alignment control step by providing space of 0-5 microns between adjacent color filters.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrode substrate for use in a liquid crystal device in which a laminate film of a transparent conductive film and a metal film is formed on a first side of a transparent substrate. The laminate film is pattern-etched so as to form islands of the laminate film in a predetermined pattern. A photosensitive anaerobic colored resin is applied on the transparent substrate on which the islands of laminate film arranged in the predetermined pattern. The transparent substrate is uniformly exposed to a light from a second side of the substrate opposite to the first side in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Unexposed portions of the photosensitive anaerobic resin are removed so as to leave the photosensitive anaerobic resin only in the spaces between adjacent islands of the laminate film, for forming a light-shielding film in each of the spaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device with little crosstalk and improved contrast is obtained by using an electrode plate including a substrate, a plurality of transparent conductor stripes disposed on the substrate, a plurality of elongated metal films each disposed at least one side of and electrically connected with one of the conductor stripes so as to form a transparent region and an opaque region of a conductor stripe, and a second metal film for light-shielding disposed on the substrate so as to be electrically insulated from the conductor stripes with an insulating film.

Abstract: A functional substrate for controlling pixels, comprising;a) a substrate;b) an insulating film provided on said substrate;c) a stripe-shaped transparent conductive film provided in plurality on said insulating film;d) an opaque conductive film covered with said insulating film, arranged in parallel to said stripe-shaped transparent conductive film, and disposed between two stripe-shaped transparent conductive films adjacent to each other; ande) a contact area at which one of said two stripe-shaped transparent conductive films adjacent to each other and said opaque conductive film are electrically connected.

Abstract: A chiral smectic liquid crystal color display device has plural non-overlapping color filters arranged at intervals such that 0.ltoreq.l/d.ltoreq.5 wherein l (.mu.m) is the interval between color filters and d (.mu.m) is the color filter film thickness.