Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes encoding information of a current node included in an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the encoding, reference to information of a first node included in neighboring nodes spatially neighboring the current node is permitted, and reference to information of a second node included in the neighboring nodes is prohibited, the first node having a same parent node as the current node, the second node having a different parent node from the parent node of the current node.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes entropy encoding a bit sequence representing an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, using a coding table selected from coding tables, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The bit sequence includes N-bit information for each of nodes in the N-ary tree structure. The N-bit information includes N pieces of 1-bit information each indicating whether a three-dimensional point is present in a corresponding one of N child nodes of a corresponding one of the nodes. In each of the coding tables, a context is set to each of bits in the N-bit information. In the entropy encoding, each of the bits in the N-bit information is entropy encoded using the context set to the bit in the coding table selected.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: generating an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; generating first encoded data by encoding a first branch using a first encoding process, the first branch having, as a root, a first node included in a first layer that is one of layers included in the N-ary tree structure; generating second encoded data by encoding a second branch using a second encoding process different from the first encoding process, the second branch having, as a root, a second node included in the first layer and different from the first node; and generating a bitstream including the first encoded data and the second encoded data.

Abstract: A carburized bearing steel part has a predetermined chemical composition, and, in the carburized bearing steel part, the number density of oxide particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 5 ?m or more, and containing CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2, such that the content ratio of Al2O3 with respect to the total mass of CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2 is 50% by mass or more, is 3.0/cm2 or less in an arbitrary cross section of the part, the Vickers hardness at a depth of 50 ?m from a rolling surface is 750 or more, and the compressive residual stress at the rolling surface is 900 MPa or more. Also provided is a steel bar for a carburized bearing steel part that is suitable for obtaining the foregoing carburized bearing steel part.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method includes: creating first three-dimensional data from information detected by a sensor; receiving encoded three-dimensional data that is obtained by encoding second three-dimensional data; decoding the received encoded three-dimensional data to obtain the second three-dimensional data; and merging the first three-dimensional data with the second three-dimensional data to create third three-dimensional data.

Abstract: An encoding method according to the present disclosure includes: inputting three-dimensional data including three-dimensional coordinate data to a deep neural network (DNN); encoding the three-dimensional data by the DNN to generate encoded three-dimensional data; and outputting the encoded three-dimensional data.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional reconstruction method of reconstructing a three-dimensional model from multi-view images. The method includes: selecting two frames from the multi-view images; calculating image information of each of the two frames; selecting a method of calculating corresponding keypoints in the two frames, according to the image information; and calculating the corresponding keypoints using the method of calculating corresponding keypoints selected in the selecting of the method of calculating corresponding keypoints.

Abstract: A camerawork generating method includes: generating, from a multi-view video of a same scene captured from different viewpoints, a three-dimensional model for the scene; determining a target scene which is included in the scene and is a target for which a free-viewpoint video of the three-dimensional model as viewed from a virtual camera is to be generated; and generating a camerawork representing a temporal change in a position and an orientation of the virtual camera in the free-viewpoint video.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: generating first information in which an N-ary tree structure of a plurality of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data is expressed using a first formula, where N is an integer of 2 or higher; and generating a bitstream including the first information. The first information includes pieces of three-dimensional point information each associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of three-dimensional points. The pieces of three-dimensional point information each include indexes each associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of levels in the N-ary tree structure. The indexes each indicate a subblock, among N subblocks belonging to a corresponding one of the plurality of levels, to which a corresponding one of the plurality of three-dimensional points belongs.

Abstract: A three-dimensional point cloud generation method for generating a three-dimensional point cloud including one or more three-dimensional points includes: obtaining (i) a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging a three-dimensional object using a camera and (ii) a first three-dimensional point cloud obtained by sensing the three-dimensional object using a distance sensor; detecting, from the two-dimensional image, one or more attribute values of the two-dimensional image that are associated with a position in the two-dimensional image; and generating a second three-dimensional point cloud including one or more second three-dimensional points each having an attribute value, by performing, for each of the one or more attribute values detected, (i) identifying, from a plurality of three-dimensional points forming the first three-dimensional point cloud, one or more first three-dimensional points to which the position of the attribute value corresponds, and (ii) appending the attribute value to the one or more fi

Abstract: A display method is a display method performed by a display device that operates in conjunction with a mobile object, and includes: determining which one of first surrounding information, which is video showing a surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using two-dimensional information, and second surrounding information, which is video showing the surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using three-dimensional data, is to be displayed, based on a driving condition of the mobile object; and displaying the one of the first surrounding information and the second surrounding information that is determined to be displayed.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: determining whether to encode, using an octree structure, a current space unit among a plurality of space units included in three-dimensional data; encoding the current space unit using the octree structure, when it is determined that the current space unit is to be encoded using the octree structure; encoding the current space unit using a different method that is not the octree structure, when it is determined that the current space unit is not to be encoded using the octree structure; and appending, to a bitstream, information that indicates whether the current space unit has been encoded using the octree structure.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model encoding device includes: a projector that generates a two-dimensional image by projecting a three-dimensional model to at least one two-dimensional plane; a corrector that generates, using the two-dimensional image, a corrected image by correcting one or more pixels forming an inactive area to which the three-dimensional model is not projected, the inactive area being included in the two-dimensional image; and an encoder that generates encoded data by performing two-dimensional encoding on the corrected image.

Abstract: A generation device includes: a communication interface via which two-dimensional (2D) images are to be received, the 2D images having been generated by photographing a space from different viewpoints with at least one camera; and a processor connected to the communication interface and configured to determine, according to the 2D images, a matching pattern to match feature points included in two pictures among the 2D images, match the feature points according to the matching pattern in order to generate first three-dimensional (3D) points, the first 3D points indicating respective first positions in the space, generate second 3D point based on the 2D images, the second 3D point indicating a second position in the space, and generate a 3D model of the space based on the first 3D points and the second 3D point.

Abstract: A display method is a display method performed by a display device that operates in conjunction with a mobile object, and includes: determining which one of first surrounding information, which is video showing a surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using two-dimensional information, and second surrounding information, which is video showing the surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using three-dimensional data, is to be displayed, based on a driving condition of the mobile object; and displaying the one of the first surrounding information and the second surrounding information that is determined to be displayed.

Abstract: A generation method is disclosed. Two-dimensional (2D) images that are generated by photographing a space from different viewpoints with at least one camera are obtained. Resolutions of the 2D images are reduced to generate first images, respectively. Second images are generated from the 2D images, respectively such that a resolution of each of the second images is higher than a resolution of any one of the first images. First three-dimensional (3D) points are generated based on the first images. The first 3D points indicate respective first positions in the space. A second 3D point is generated based on the second images. The second 3D point indicates a second position in the space. A 3D model of the space is generated based on the first 3D points and the second 3D point.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method in a client device includes: creating three-dimensional data of a surrounding area of the client device using sensor information that is obtained through a sensor equipped in the client device and indicates a surrounding condition of the client device; estimating a self-location of the client device using the three-dimensional data created; and transmitting the sensor information obtained to a server or an other client device.

Abstract: This image generation method is for generating a virtual image by a processor using at least one of images obtained by cameras disposed in different positions and attitudes capturing the same target space in a three-dimensional (3D) space. The virtual image is a two-dimensional (2D) image of the target space viewed from a virtual viewpoint in the 3D space. When generating the virtual image using one or more second images captured by one or more second cameras, at least one of which is different from one or more first cameras that capture one or more first images serving as a basis among the images, a second process which includes at least one of luminance and color adjustments and is different from a first process performed to generate the virtual image using the one or more first images is performed on the one or more second images.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a heating roller and a pressing roller, a nip being formed therebetween, and a controller configured to perform a heating controlling process of raising the temperature of the heating roller toward a fixing temperature, a rotational controlling process of rotating the heating roller and the pressing roller when a detected temperature of the heating roller is equal to or higher than a first threshold temperature, and a conveyance controlling process of conveying the sheet toward the developing device when the detected temperature is equal to or higher than a second temperature higher than the first temperature and lower than the fixing temperature. The controller is configured to set the first temperature to be lower in a case where a nip width is the second width than in a case where the nip width is the first width.

Abstract: An image display method includes receiving an integrated image in which low-resolution images of a scene from different viewpoints are arranged, displaying the integrated image such that a low-resolution image among the low-resolution images is displayed in a first size, receiving a high-resolution image having a same viewpoint as the low-resolution image, the high-resolution image having a higher resolution than the low-resolution image, displaying the high-resolution image in a second size larger than the first size, and displaying the low-resolution image in a third size larger than the first size after the integrated image is displayed and before the high-resolution image is displayed in the second size.