Abstract: Method for chemical mechanical planarization is provided, which includes: forming a dielectric layer containing at least one opening, the dielectric layer is located on a substrate; epitaxially growing a germanium material within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer, the germanium material extending above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer; and planarizing the germanium material using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the germanium material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of at least one slurry composition polishes the germanium material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator, and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, and lacking a basic pH modulator.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a developing device, a transfer portion, a feeding portion, a main body frame, a fixing device, a discharge portion, a recording-medium conveyance path, an opening/closing member, a cover sheet, a cover moving mechanism, and a cooling portion. The main body frame is arranged above the image carrier. The fixing device is attached to the main body frame. Along with opening/closing of the opening/closing member, the cover moving mechanism causes the cover sheet to reciprocate between a protection position for covering a part of the image carrier on a side of the recording-medium conveyance path and a retraction position between the image carrier and the main body frame. At the retraction position, a passage for an air flow between the cooling portion and the fixing device is blocked by the cover sheet contacting the main body frame.

Abstract: The fixing device includes a charge elimination member, a retaining member, a contact sheet metal, and a first contact member. The charge elimination member performs charge elimination from a recording medium by making contact with the recording medium that has passed through a fixing-and-nipping part. The retaining member has the charge elimination member fixed thereto. The contact sheet metal is held at a specified potential. The first contact member electrically connects the charge elimination member and the contact sheet metal to each other. The retaining member has a hollow cylindrical-shaped positioning boss, and the fixing housing has an insertion hole into which the positioning boss is to be inserted. The first contact member is placed inside the positioning boss and has one end protruded from the positioning boss. The contact sheet metal is placed so as to face the positioning boss.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a developing device, a transfer portion, a feeding portion, a main body frame, a fixing device, a discharge portion, a recording-medium conveyance path, an opening/closing member, a cover sheet, a cover moving mechanism, and a cooling portion. The main body frame is arranged above the image carrier. The fixing device is attached to the main body frame. Along with opening/closing of the opening/closing member, the cover moving mechanism causes the cover sheet to reciprocate between a protection position for covering a part of the image carrier on a side of the recording-medium conveyance path and a retraction position between the image carrier and the main body frame. At the retraction position, a passage for an air flow between the cooling portion and the fixing device is blocked by the cover sheet contacting the main body frame.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing member, a pressuring member a cooling part and a control part. The fixing member is heated by a heat source. The pressuring member comes into pressure contact with the fixing member to form a fixing nip. The cooling part cools the pressuring member heated via the fixing member. The control part controls the cooling part. The fixing member and the pressuring member are rotatable and fix a toner image at least one of a front face and a rear face of a sheet passing through the fixing nip. The cooling part is controlled by the control part to lower a temperature of the pressuring member at a first fixing processing in which the toner image is fixed on the front face of the sheet compared with a second fixing processing in which the toner image is fixed on the rear face of the sheet.

Abstract: Method for chemical mechanical planarization is provided, which includes: forming a dielectric layer containing at least one opening, the dielectric layer is located on a substrate; epitaxially growing a germanium material within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer, the germanium material extending above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer; and planarizing the germanium material using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the germanium material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of at least one slurry composition polishes the germanium material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator, and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, and lacking a basic pH modulator.

Abstract: Method for chemical mechanical planarization is provided, which includes: forming a dielectric layer containing at least one opening, the dielectric layer is located on a substrate; epitaxially growing a germanium material within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer, the germanium material extending above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer; and planarizing the germanium material using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the germanium material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of at least one slurry composition polishes the germanium material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator, and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, and lacking a basic pH modulator.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical planarization for a Group III arsenide material is provided in which at least one opening is formed within a dielectric layer located on a substrate. A Group III arsenide material is epitaxially grown within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer which extends above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer. The Group III arsenide material is planarized using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the Group III arsenide material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of the at least one slurry composition polishes the Group III arsenide material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, but lacks a basic pH modulator, and where the oxidizer suppresses generation of an arsine gas.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical planarization for indium phosphide material is provided in which at least one opening is formed within a dielectric layer located on a substrate. An indium phosphide material is epitaxially grown within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer which extends above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer. The indium phosphide material is planarized using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the indium phosphide material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of the at least one slurry composition polishes the indium phosphide material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, but lacks a basic pH modulator, and where the oxidizer suppresses generation of phosphine gas.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical planarization for a Group III arsenide material is provided in which at least one opening is formed within a dielectric layer located on a substrate. A Group III arsenide material is epitaxially grown within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer which extends above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer. The Group III arsenide material is planarized using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the Group III arsenide material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of the at least one slurry composition polishes the Group III arsenide material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, but lacks a basic pH modulator, and where the oxidizer suppresses generation of an arsine gas.

Abstract: Method for chemical mechanical planarization is provided, which includes: forming a dielectric layer containing at least one opening, the dielectric layer is located on a substrate; epitaxially growing a germanium material within the at least one opening of the dielectric layer, the germanium material extending above a topmost surface of the dielectric layer; and planarizing the germanium material using at least one slurry composition to form coplanar surfaces of the germanium material and the dielectric layer, where a slurry composition of at least one slurry composition polishes the germanium material selective to the topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and includes an abrasive, at least one pH modulator, and an oxidizer, the at least one pH modulator including an acidic pH modulator, and lacking a basic pH modulator.

Abstract: The fixing unit has a housing that has a heating roller and a pressing roller accommodated therein. A temperature detection sensor and a sensor board are provided outside the housing. An image forming apparatus includes a sensor protection tube. The sensor protection tube includes a hollow cylindrical body passing through a side wall portion of the housing. One end of the sensor protection tube abuts a mounting surface of the temperature detection sensor in the sensor board so as to surround a periphery of the temperature detection sensor. The other end of the sensor protection tube is positioned in the housing.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heat source, a heat transfer member, a pressure-contacting member, a housing, and a shutter. The heat transfer member is heated by the heat source. The pressure-contacting member abuts on the heat transfer member. The housing stores the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member and is formed with a detection hole for detecting inner property from outside. The fixing device heats recording paper passing through between the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member to fix a toner image on the recording paper. The shutter opens and closes the detection hole in accordance with supply of the recording paper to a nip part by the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member.

Abstract: The fixing unit has a housing that has a heating roller and a pressing roller accommodated therein. A temperature detection sensor and a sensor board are provided outside the housing. An image forming apparatus includes a sensor protection tube. The sensor protection tube includes a hollow cylindrical body passing through a side wall portion of the housing. One end of the sensor protection tube abuts a mounting surface of the temperature detection sensor in the sensor board so as to surround a periphery of the temperature detection sensor. The other end of the sensor protection tube is positioned in the housing.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heat source, a heat transfer member, a pressure-contacting ember, a housing, and a shutter. The heat transfer member is heated by the heat source. The pressure-contacting member abuts on the heat transfer member. The housing stores the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member and is formed with a detection hole for detecting inner property from outside. The fixing device heats recording paper passing through between the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member to fix a toner image on the recording paper. The shutter opens and closes the detection hole in accordance with supply of the recording paper to a nip part by the heat transfer member and the pressure-contacting member.

Abstract: A developing device includes a case, an agitating member, a moving mechanism and a detecting device. The case contains a developer inside. The agitating member is rotated in the case to agitate the developer while conveying the developer in a rotation axis direction. The moving mechanism reciprocates the agitating member in the rotation axis direction in accordance with the rotation of the agitating member. The detecting device detects a developer amount contained in the case.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion includes colloidal silica (A), an anionic water-soluble polymer (B), and at least one type of an alkanolamine salt (C) selected from the group consisting of an alkyl sulfate and an alkyl ether sulfate, the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion having a pH of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A cleaning composition includes (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid that includes a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, a phosphonic acid that includes a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a sulfuric acid ester that includes a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenylsuccinic acid that includes a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and salts thereof, (B) an organic acid, (C) a water-soluble amine, (D) a water-soluble polymer, and an aqueous medium, the cleaning composition having a pH of 9 or more.

Abstract: A developing device includes an agitating member agitating and rotating a developer, a developer amount detecting part detecting the developer amount, and a cleaning member being attached to the agitating member to have has an attachment part, a first cleaning part and a second cleaning part and to clean a detecting surface of the developer amount detecting part. The attachment part is formed by an end part of a wire and attached to the agitating member. The first cleaning part is formed by an intermediate part of the wire, and extends from an end part of the attachment part to reach the detecting surface. The second cleaning part is formed by an another end part of the wire, and is constructed by closely winding the wire, protruded to a location in front of the detecting surface and has a greater width than the detecting surface.

Abstract: A developing device includes a case, an agitating member, a moving mechanism and a detecting device. The case contains a developer inside. The agitating member is rotated in the case to agitate the developer while conveying the developer in a rotation axis direction. The moving mechanism reciprocates the agitating member in the rotation axis direction in accordance with the rotation of the agitating member. The detecting device detects a developer amount contained in the case.