Abstract: A Fourier spectrophotometer includes: a light source; an interferometer configured to obtain first and second interferograms whose intensity distributions are inverted from each other from the light emitted from light source; a multiplexing optical system configured to multiplex the first and second interferograms to irradiate the sample with a resultant interferogram; a demultiplexing optical system configured to demultiplex the first and second interferograms contained in the light passing through the sample; a light receiver configured to output a first light reception signal obtained by receiving the demultiplexed first interferogram and a second light reception signal obtained by receiving the demultiplexed second interferogram; and a signal processing device configured to perform processing for obtaining a noise-removed spectrum of the wavelength component in the analysis wavelength band by using the first and second light reception signals.

Abstract: A monitoring system that monitors a monitoring-target system is disclosed. The monitoring system includes one or more storage apparatuses that store a program, and one or more processors that operate according to the program. The one or more processors determine an estimated value of a monitoring-target response variable of the monitoring-target system on a basis of measurement data included in test data of the monitoring-target system and a causal structure model of the monitoring-target system. The one or more processors decide whether an abnormality has occurred in the monitoring-target system on a basis of a result of a comparison between a measurement value of the monitoring-target response variable included in the test data, and the estimated value.

Abstract: A monitoring system that monitors a monitoring-target system is disclosed. The monitoring system includes one or more storage apparatuses that store a program, and one or more processors that operate according to the program. The one or more processors determine an estimated value of a monitoring-target response variable of the monitoring-target system on a basis of measurement data included in test data of the monitoring-target system and a causal structure model of the monitoring-target system. The one or more processors decide whether an abnormality has occurred in the monitoring-target system on a basis of a result of a comparison between a measurement value of the monitoring-target response variable included in the test data, and the estimated value.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines of passenger and commercial four-wheeled vehicles is provided which can exhibit excellent fuel efficiency performance and wear resistance reliability. The lubricating oil composition includes a base oil and a complex polyester mixture. The base oil includes at least one of poly-?-olefin, an ester-based base oil, or a partially hydrogenated mineral oil. The complex polyester mixture includes a polyester obtained by condensing a polyhydric alcohol, a polycarboxylic acid, and a monohydric alcohol having an oxyalkylene group. The content of the complex polyester mixture is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, the high-temperature shear viscosity (HTHS viscosity) at 150° C. is 1.0 mPa·s to 2.6 mPa·s, and the NOACK evaporation amount is 40% or less.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines of passenger and commercial four-wheeled vehicles is provided which can exhibit excellent fuel efficiency performance and wear resistance reliability. The lubricating oil composition includes a base oil and a complex polyester mixture. The base oil includes at least one of poly-?-olefin, an ester-based base oil, or a partially hydrogenated mineral oil. The complex polyester mixture includes a polyester obtained by condensing a polyhydric alcohol, a polycarboxylic acid, and a monohydric alcohol having an oxyalkylene group. The content of the complex polyester mixture is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, the high-temperature shear viscosity (HTHS viscosity) at 150° C. is 1.0 mPa·s to 2.6 mPa·s, and the NOACK evaporation amount is 40% or less.

Abstract: A sludge adhesion inhibiting structure for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is characterized in that a sludge inhibiting layer inhibiting generation or adhesion of sludge is formed on a surface of an area inside the internal combustion engine into which oil as a liquid does not always spread and which is contacted by oil mist as a gas. Preferably, the sludge inhibiting layer is made up of a solid alkali substance. Furthermore, the sludge inhibiting layer is provided in a head cover and formed on an inner surface of an oil separator chamber separating the oil from a blow-by gas.

Abstract: An oil mist separator (100) for an internal combustion engine that separates an oil component in a gas, which is introduced from a crankcase of the internal combustion engine, from the gas, includes a porous filter (150) that separates, from the gas, the oil component in the gas, the porous filter (150) being provided in a passage, through which the gas passes, and being coated with a counteragent for neutralizing an acid substance.

Abstract: A tape bonding device for bonding a tape member to a work piece, wherein the tape bonding device has a main body section, and a cover body section provided reopenable to the main body section. The main body section has a mount member on the upper surface of which the work piece is mounted; a tape holding unit which holds the tape member in a stretching state, and, at the same time, locates the tape member in the upper portion of the work piece mounted on the mount member; and a sucking unit for vacuum suction of space between the tape member and the work piece. The cover body section has a concave section which is depressed upward in the blocked state of the cover body section, and, at the same time, the upper bottom surface of the concave section presses downward the work piece and the tape member, which move upward.

Abstract: A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is fitted with rocker arms. Camshafts are disposed so that the rocker arms and cams will be brought into contact with each other. The camshafts are rotatably supported by lower bearings, which supports the camshafts from below, and by upper bearings integrated with a head cover. The head cover is provided with visual observation windows that make it possible to see valve system parts through the head cover. A visual observation window covers for covering the visual observation windows are fixed to the head cover.

Abstract: An oil mist separator (100) for an internal combustion engine that separates an oil component in a gas, which is introduced from a crankcase of the internal combustion engine, from the gas, includes a porous filter (150) that separates, from the gas, the oil component in the gas, the porous filter (150) being provided in a passage, through which the gas passes, and being coated with a counteragent for neutralizing an acid substance.

Abstract: A camshaft support structure of an internal combustion engine (10) includes a camshaft (26, 30) that drives an intake valve (18) or an exhaust valve (20); a head cover (34) that houses the camshaft (26, 30); an upper bearing portion (42) which is provided on the head cover (34) and supports the camshaft (26, 30); a lower bearing portion (54) which is attached to the head cover (34) and makes a pair with the upper bearing portion (42) to retain the camshaft (26,30); a rocker arm (22, 24) that transmits driving force from the camshaft (26, 30) to the intake valve (18) or the exhaust valve (20); and a rocker arm support portion (56) that inhibits the rocker arm (22, 24) from falling out of position by being provided near and directly above the rocker arm (22, 24).

Abstract: A tape bonding device for bonding a tape member to a work piece, wherein the tape bonding device has a main body section, and a cover body section provided reopenable to the main body section. The main body section has a mount member on the upper surface of which the work piece is mounted; a tape holding unit which holds the tape member in a stretching state, and, at the same time, locates the tape member in the upper portion of the work piece mounted on the mount member; and a sucking unit for vacuum suction of space between the tape member and the work piece. The cover body section has a concave section which is depressed upward in the blocked state of the cover body section, and, at the same time, the upper bottom surface of the concave section presses downward the work piece and the tape member, which move upward.

Abstract: A sludge adhesion inhibiting structure for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is characterized in that a sludge inhibiting layer inhibiting generation or adhesion of sludge is formed on a surface of an area inside the internal combustion engine into which oil as a liquid does not always spread and which is contacted by oil mist as a gas. Preferably, the sludge inhibiting layer is made up of a solid alkali substance. Furthermore, the sludge inhibiting layer is provided in a head cover and formed on an inner surface of an oil separator chamber separating the oil from a blow-by gas.

Abstract: A device and a method for bonding a tape, by which a tape member may be preferably bonded to a work piece, and simplified processing, reduced cost, and improved bonding strength may be realized.

Abstract: A tape bonding device for bonding a tape member to a work piece: having a rubber sheet on the upper surface of which the work piece is mounted, a first vacuum chamber located on the side of the upper surface of the rubber sheet, a second vacuum chamber located on the side of the lower surface of the rubber sheet, a holding member which holds the rubber sheet without coming and going of the air between a first and a second vacuum chambers and, a tape holding unit which holds the tape member in a stretched state, and locates the tape member in the upper portion of the work piece, a first sucking unit which performs vacuum suction of a first vacuum chamber, a first air introducing unit which introduces the air into the first vacuum chamber, a second sucking unit which performs vacuum suction of a second vacuum chamber, a second air introducing unit which introduces the air into the second vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A lower cam carrier is disposed over a cylinder head and a head cover is disposed thereover. The lower cam carrier has, formed as one therewith, an outer frame superposed with the edge peripheral edge of the cylinder head, and a bridging part provided between opposing sides of the outer frame part. The bridging part has a lower bearing for supporting an intake camshaft and an exhaust camshaft. The head cover has, formed as one therewith, a flange part superposed with the outer frame part and a bearing part opposing the bridging part inside the flange part 22. The bearing part has an upper bearing that, together with the lower bearing, supports the intake camshaft and the exhaust camshaft.

Abstract: A camshaft support structure of an internal combustion engine (10) includes a camshaft (26, 30) that drives an intake valve (18) or an exhaust valve (20); a head cover (34) that houses the camshaft (26, 30); an upper bearing portion (42) which is provided on the head cover (34) and supports the camshaft (26, 30); a lower bearing portion (54) which is attached to the head cover (34) and makes a pair with the upper bearing portion (42) to retain the camshaft (26,30); a rocker arm (22, 24) that transmits driving force from the camshaft (26, 30) to the intake valve (18) or the exhaust valve (20); and a rocker arm support portion (56) that inhibits the rocker arm (22, 24) from falling out of position by being provided near and directly above the rocker arm (22, 24).

Abstract: A lower cam carrier is disposed over a cylinder head and a head cover is disposed thereover. The lower cam carrier has, formed as one therewith, an outer frame superposed with the edge peripheral edge of the cylinder head, and a bridging part provided between opposing sides of the outer frame part. The bridging part has a lower bearing for supporting an intake camshaft and an exhaust camshaft. The head cover has, formed as one therewith, a flange part superposed with the outer frame part and a bearing part opposing the bridging part inside the flange part 22. The bearing part has an upper bearing that, together with the lower bearing, supports the intake camshaft and the exhaust camshaft.

Abstract: A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is fitted with rocker arms. Camshafts are disposed so that the rocker arms and cams will be brought into contact with each other. The camshafts are rotatably supported by lower bearings, which supports the camshafts from below, and by upper bearings integrated with a head cover. The head cover is provided with visual observation windows that make it possible to see valve system parts through the head cover. A visual observation window covers for covering the visual observation windows are fixed to the head cover.

Abstract: A device and a method for bonding a tape, by which a tape member may be preferably bonded to a work piece, and simplified processing, reduced cost, and improved bonding strength may be realized.