Abstract: An offline immobilizer ECU reads an encryption key generation code from an offline additional electronic key and generates an electronic key encryption key for the offline additional electronic key using the encryption key generation code and a communication subject key encryption key held by the immobilizer ECU. The immobilizer ECU stores, in a memory, the generated electronic key encryption key and a key ID code that is read from the offline additional electronic key.

Abstract: An immobilizer ECU transmits a vehicle ID code and a SEED code, which is read from an electronic key, to a data center online. The data center generates an encryption key from the received SEED code and a first logic, and generates a further SEED code from the encryption key, the vehicle ID code, and a second logic. The immobilizer ECU obtains the further SEED code online from the data center, generates the encryption key from the obtained further SEED code, the vehicle ID code, and the second logic, and stores the encryption key.

Abstract: An electronic key registration system includes a controller of a communication subject, an initial electronic key that communicates with the communication subject and has an initial encryption key generation code, an additional electronic key that communicates with the communication subject, and an information center including an additional encryption key. The initial electronic key holds an initial encryption key generated from the initial encryption key generation code and a logic. The controller holds the logic and identification information of the communication subject. The controller acquires the initial encryption key generation code from the initial electronic key, generates an initial encryption key from the initial encryption key generation code and the logic held by the controller, and stores the initial encryption key. The information center sends the additional encryption key to the additional electronic key or the controller through a network.

Abstract: An electronic key registration system includes a controller arranged in a communication subject communicable with an electronic key. A registration tool is in wired or wireless connection with the communication subject. The registration tool registers the electronic key to the controller when receiving a registration permission signal. An information center is connected to a network. The registration tool includes an operator ID acquisition unit that acquires an operator ID from a key registration operator. A communication unit sends the operator ID to the information center through the network. The information center includes an operator ID verification unit that verifies the operator ID received from the registration tool. A permission information notification unit sends, when the operator ID is verified, a registration permission signal to the registration tool through the network to permit the registration tool to perform the registration process.

Abstract: In a flash memory device, after an updated value is copied from a first block to a second block, a block management value of the first block is set to an unused state, and maintenance is performed to erase data from the first block. When performing maintenance, the block management value of the first block B1 is rewritten from “$FFF0” to “$FFFF.” When a reset occurs and the power supply is deactivated during the maintenance, the digit of “$0” in the block management value may become “1” to “E” of the hexadecimal system. In this manner, when the block management value includes a single digit of “1” to “E” and three digits of “F,” the reading of an updated value from the block corresponding to the block management value is restricted.

Abstract: Different block management values that sequentially increase are set for a plurality of blocks to indicate active states of the blocks. For example, a first block management value “$1111” is stored in a first block, and a second management value “$1112” is stored in a second block. Thus, even when more than one block is in an active state, an updated value is read from the block that stores a larger block management value. This allows for the true updated value to be read.

Abstract: A switch for urging a driver to perform an operation that is required when the smart ignition function is invalid. The switch is used by a driver to start the engine of a vehicle when the vehicle communicates with a portable device to verify the portable device. The portable device has an end portion. The switch includes a push button pushed by the driver. The push button includes a guide portion engaged with the end portion of the portable device.

Abstract: A switch for urging a driver to perform an operation that is required when the smart ignition function is invalid. The switch is used by a driver to start the engine of a vehicle when the vehicle communicates with a portable device to verify the portable device. The portable device has an end portion. The switch includes a push button pushed by the driver. The push button includes a guide portion engaged with the end portion of the portable device.