Abstract: Hithereto, there was a problem involving that the VF and IR characteristics of a Schottky barrier diode were in a tradeoff relationship, and an increase in leak current was unavoidable to implement low VF. In some preferred embodiments, a plurality of P+-type orthohexagonal semiconductor regions are provided in a Schottky junction region. Since they are spaced from one another equidistantly, depletion layers are spread from the P+-type semiconductor regions when a reverse voltage is applied, and are fully filled in an epitaxial layer. As a result, a leak current occurring at the Schottky junction interface can be prevented from leaking to the cathode side. Even when a high leak current occurs, it can be intercepted by the depletion layers, so that the tradeoff relationship between VF and IR can be eliminated. Thus, a low VF can be implemented without consideration for IR.

Abstract: Interlocked floating-point instructions are detected, and a register address referring to and assigning an operand in the interlocked instructions is changed to an odd-number address not assigned as any operation at the time of compiling. Next, an instruction not in any register-dependency relation with the interlocked instructions is detected, and the detected instruction is inserted between instructions interlocked with each other. Thus a program can be executed with an improved efficiency.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, a variable-potential insulated electrode and a gate region are kept at the same potential through an aluminum layer. This device is mainly used as a voltage-driving type semiconductor device. By varying the voltage applied to the variable-potential insulated electrode through a gate electrode, a conductive path is formed in a channel region to switch on the device. The channel region turns into an N-type region when a positive potential is applied to the gate electrode, and turns into a pseudo P-type region when a ground potential or negative potential is applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: The method of computing remaining battery capacity computes battery discharge capacity from the integrated value of the product of discharge current and voltage to find remaining battery capacity via energy (integrated power). Battery discharge capacity is computed by adding the integrated value of power consumed by internal resistance to a discharge capacity value calculated from the integrated product of discharge current and voltage, and remaining battery capacity is computed from this battery discharge capacity.

Abstract: This method to determine capacity of a battery computes capacity in current value and then converts it into capacity in power value, or computes capacity in power value and then converts it into current value. This method to determine capacity of a battery detects either discharge current or charge current or both, and computes capacity of battery in current value, which is then converted into capacity in power value by way of multiplication by the correcting constant which varies in accordance with capacity in current value. This method to determine capacity of a battery detects battery voltage or detects either discharge current or charge current or both of the battery, then computes battery capacity in power value, and converts capacity in power value so computed into capacity in current value by way of multiplication by the correcting constant which varies in accordance with capacity in power value.

Abstract: This method to determine capacity of a battery computes capacity in current value and then converts it into capacity in power value, or computes capacity in power value and then converts it into current value. This method to determine capacity of a battery detects either discharge current or charge current or both, and computes capacity of battery in current value, which is then converted into capacity in power value by way of multiplication by the correcting constant which varies in accordance with capacity in current value. This method to determine capacity of a battery detects battery voltage or detects either discharge current or charge current or both of the battery, then computes battery capacity in power value, and converts capacity in power value so computed into capacity in current value by way of multiplication by the correcting constant which varies in accordance with capacity in power value.

Abstract: The present invention allows assuring security of processing by the application itself without depending on the operating system. When a plurality of clients perform joint operation via a common server, the processing permitted for each server to perform to the server is predetermined, and when a user requests a processing which is not permitted, the client rejects this request. By this, the security among a plurality of clients can be assured without depending on the server.

Abstract: An overhead cable includes an outermost surface formed by twisting together a plurality of segment strands. A plurality of spiral grooves form recesses having substantially rectangular cross-sections and are provided at intervals in a circumferential direction of either the outer surface of the segment strands or the outer surface regions of boundary portions where twisted segment strands adjoin each other. Thin segment strands and at least one thick segment strand form the outermost layer. A recessed portion is provided at one side surface among two surfaces of the segment strands forming the outermost layer, a projecting portion is provided at the other side surface, and the strands are twisted together so that the recessed portions and the projecting portions mate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a client server system whereby a message exchange can be easily executed between a client, such as a personal computer, and an Internet portable telephone. The client server system comprises a server, a plurality of clients connected to the server via communication lines, and a gateway which converts the information of the server to an interface suitable for an Internet portable telephone.

Abstract: The destination setting operation of conventional electronic mail is not graphical. The present invention provides a graphical user interface with excellent operability as message exchange means.

Abstract: An improved vacuum carburizing method is provided which is easy to handle or to maintenance and low equipment costs without using hydrogen gas or acetylenic gas. The improved vacuum carburizing method comprises a carburizing treatment of workpieces made from steel material heated to about 900-1100° C. performed by introducing an ethylenee gas as a carburizing gas at a vacuum of 1-10 kPa in a carburizing furnace chamber.

Abstract: This method to determine remaining capacity of a rechargeable battery calculates remaining battery capacity by subtracting discharge capacity, computed by integrating battery discharge current, from charge capacity. Voltage of the discharging rechargeable battery is measured, and when battery voltage reaches a first voltage and a lower second voltage, the computed remaining battery capacity is corrected according to a previously established first remaining battery capacity and second remaining battery capacity corresponding to those voltages. The difference between calculated remaining battery capacity or discharge capacity at the first and second voltages is compared to the difference between the previously established first and second remaining battery capacity values, and the first voltage is modified to make those two differences equal.

Abstract: The battery charging apparatus is provided with a memory circuit for pre-storing correlation data between rechargeable battery charge capacity and time to completion of charging, a charge capacity measuring circuit to measure rechargeable battery charge capacity, and a calculating circuit to calculate, during charging, the time to completion of charging based on charge capacity determined by the charge capacity measuring circuit and correlation data stored in the memory circuit.

Abstract: The method of calculating rechargeable battery charge capacity of this invention has steps to temporarily interrupt charging and calculate battery internal impedance, to calculate a no-load battery voltage by subtracting the product of internal impedance and charging current from the battery voltage when charging current is supplied, to calculate charging power by multiplying no-load voltage and charging current, and to repeatedly perform the charging power calculation integrating that charging power result to compute battery charge capacity.

Abstract: A secondary battery is charged in alternating charging and pulse-charging periods in which the secondary battery is continuously charged during the charging periods and the secondary battery is charged in a series of charging pulses during the pulse-charging periods. The terminal voltage or the temperature of the secondary battery may be sampled during at least one interval between the pulses in a pulse-charging period to detect a full charge level or an excessive temperature, respectively. Such an arrangement can reduce charging time and facilitate accurate monitoring of the terminal voltage or the temperature.

Abstract: A charging apparatus is provided which determines whether a preliminary full charge indication such as a peak of the terminal voltage or a decrease of a predetermined voltage .DELTA.V after the peak indicates a true full charge level. In accordance with the present invention, when the charging apparatus detects a peak or a decrease of a predetermined voltage .DELTA.V after the peak in the terminal voltage, the apparatus can determine whether or not the detection indicates a true full charge level by taking into account the charging amount from the start of charging until the detection of the peak or the decrease.

Abstract: A battery charger has a battery capacity detector for detecting the remaining battery capacity and a timer setter for controlling the timer setting that determines the battery charging time based on the results from the battery capacity detector. The battery capacity detector measures the battery voltage, the battery constant current charging time, or the battery capacity. The timer includes a protection timer to forcibly end battery charging and a constant current charging timer to establish the constant current charging interval.

Abstract: A first series circuit of a current detector and a first switch is connected in series with a battery, and a second series circuit of a resistor and a second switch is connected in parallel with the first series circuit. A control device controls an on and off state of the first and second switches to provide over-current protection of the battery. In particular, the control device turns off the first switch to cut-off battery over-current and turns on the second switch when the battery current exceeds a specified level as detected by the current detector. Then, after the battery current, which flows through the second series current, drops below the specified level, the first switch is returned to an on state to again allow battery discharge.

Abstract: A battery discharging apparatus is provided with a battery discharger and a controller. The controller is connected to a battery voltage sensor and a timer, a current sensor and a discharge switch, or a current sensor and a battery power capacity sensor. The controller directs the discharger to recover battery capacity lost due to the memory effect using a deep memory effect eliminating discharge.

Abstract: A first switch element is connected in series with a rechargeable battery, a second switch element is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the rechargeable battery and the first switch element, and a control circuit controls ON and OFF states of the first switch element and the second switch element. The control circuit is so constructed as to turn OFF the first switch element to stop discharging and at the same time turn ON the second switch element when the battery voltage becomes lower than a predetermined value. The second switch element maintains the first switch element in OFF state even when the battery voltage of the rechargeable battery rises by self resetting of the rechargeable battery. When a charging voltage is applied to the rechargeable battery, the control circuit then turns ON the first switch element and turns OFF the second switch element.