Abstract: An exhaust treatment catalyst (5) is arranged in the engine exhaust passage, and hydrogen generated in the reformer (6) is supplied through the hydrogen supply pipe (13) to the inside of the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst (5). Heat exchange fins (15) for heat exchange with exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the engine exhaust passage are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe (13) inserted inside the engine exhaust passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure is intended to improve HC purification performance of a catalytic device arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine in a more suitable manner. A microwave absorber is distributed over a predetermined part in a catalytic layer of the catalytic device which is irradiated with a microwave in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine. Then, in the predetermined part in the catalytic layer, a content ratio of a first catalytic material, which is one of two kinds of catalytic materials of which HC purification performance is higher than that of the other, is higher than a content ratio of the first catalytic material in the other portion than the predetermined part in the catalytic layer.

Abstract: An exhaust after treatment system provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, comprising an adsorption layer having the function of adsorbing hydrocarbons in the exhaust, a catalyst layer arranged at the same position as the adsorption layer in the direction of flow of exhaust or at the downstream side from the adsorption layer and having an oxidation function of oxidizing the hydrocarbons, and a thermal energy generator generating thermal energy, in the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy generator, the thermal energy supplied to the catalyst layer being made larger than the thermal energy supplied to the adsorption layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine has a honeycomb member wherein a plurality of cells are formed. The honeycomb comprising an upstream and a downstream side partial honeycombs. The upstream side has a plurality of first and second cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the first cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The downstream side has a plurality of third and fourth cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the third cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The first and fourth cells have cathode layers, and second and third cells have anode layers. The electrochemical reactor is configured so all of the exhaust gas flowing through the first cells flows into the third cells and all of the exhaust gas flowing through the second cells flows into the fourth cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine has a honeycomb member wherein a plurality of cells are formed. The honeycomb comprising an upstream and a downstream side partial honeycombs. The upstream side has a plurality of first and second cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the first cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The downstream side has a plurality of third and fourth cells arranged to at least partially adjoin the third cells through partition wall base members including an ion conductive solid electrolyte. The first and fourth cells have cathode layers, and second and third cells have anode layers. The electrochemical reactor is configured so all of the exhaust gas flowing through the first cells flows into the third cells and all of the exhaust gas flowing through the second cells flows into the fourth cells.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 1 is provided, in an exhaust passage thereof with an electrochemical reactor including: an ion conductive solid electrolyte layer; an anode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a cathode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer and able to hold NOX. The engine includes a current control device for controlling the current supplied to the electrochemical reactor so as to flow from the anode layer through the solid electrolyte layer to the cathode layer. The current control device is configured so as to supply current to the electrochemical reactor at least temporarily while that internal combustion engine is stopped.

Abstract: In cases where an adsorption amount of ammonia in the SCR catalyst is smaller than a predetermined target adsorption amount, when a condition of NOX being assumed not to flow into the SCR catalyst is satisfied, and when the temperature of the SCR catalyst falls within a temperature range (effective range) which is equal to or higher than a desorption temperature of ammonia adsorbed to the weak adsorption sites and which is less than a desorption temperature of ammonia adsorbed to the active sites, the adsorption of ammonia to the active sites is carried out, while suppressing the adsorption of ammonia to the weak adsorption sites, by supplying the additive agent to the SCR catalyst from a supply device.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment catalyst (5) is arranged in the engine exhaust passage, and hydrogen generated in the reformer (6) is supplied through the hydrogen supply pipe (13) to the inside of the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst (5). Heat exchange fins (15) for heat exchange with exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the engine exhaust passage are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe (13) inserted inside the engine exhaust passage.

Abstract: The NOx catalyst is irradiated with an electromagnetic wave, a resonance frequency and a ratio of a reception power to an oscillation power at the time of the irradiation are detected, and an upper limit value of a change amount of the resonance frequency or an upper limit value of a change amount of the ratio at which the NOx catalyst is diagnosed to be abnormal is determined from a change amount of the resonance frequency and a change amount of the ratio until water is adsorbed on all acid sites included in the NOx catalyst, and a change amount of the resonance frequency and a change amount of the ratio until ammonia is adsorbed on all acid sites included in the NOx catalyst, when it is supposed that the NOx catalyst is in a state of being on the borderline between normal and abnormal.

Abstract: An abnormality diagnosis apparatus includes an irradiation device to detect a resonance frequency by irradiating an electromagnetic wave to the NOx catalyst, and a controller to diagnose based on the resonance frequency whether the NOx catalyst is abnormal, wherein the NOx catalyst is arranged in such a position that an electric field strength inside the NOx catalyst at the time when the irradiation device irradiates the electromagnetic wave of the resonance frequency becomes larger in an upstream portion of the NOx catalyst, which is at the upstream side of a center of the NOx catalyst in the direction of flow of exhaust gas, than in a downstream portion of the NOx catalyst, which is at the downstream side of the center of the NOx catalyst.

Abstract: An abnormality diagnosis apparatus for an exhaust gas control apparatus. The abnormality diagnosis apparatus includes: an adsorption amount detector which detects an actual adsorption amount that is an amount of ammonia actually adsorbed in a catalyst; and an electronic control unit configured to: i) estimate an estimated adsorption amount that is an ammonia adsorption amount in the catalyst on an assumption that an ammonia supply apparatus is normal; and ii) execute an abnormality diagnosis in which the ammonia supply apparatus is diagnosed as being abnormal, in a case where the estimated adsorption amount is equal to or smaller than a predetermined adsorption amount and where a difference between the estimated adsorption amount and the actual adsorption amount is larger than a threshold.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: forming a conductive film including a first metal-containing film and an anti-reflection film including a second metal-containing film which is laminated on the first metal-containing film, the second metal-containing film being different from the first metal-containing film and laminated on the first metal-containing film; patterning the conductive film; forming side wall protection films on side surfaces of the patterned conductive film; etching the anti-reflection film in the patterned conductive film, after formation of the side wall protection films; forming a passivation film on the first metal-containing film and the side wall protection films; and forming, in the passivation film, an opening portion in which a part of a top surface of the first metal-containing film is exposed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes: an SCR catalyst including transition metal ions for reducing NOX in exhaust gas with NH3 as a reducing agent; detection means for detecting temperature of the SCR catalyst; and a heater configured to heat the SCR catalyst. When NOX does not flow into the SCR catalyst, and the temperature detected by the detection means is below a first temperature that is a temperature causing exhibition of valence recovery of transition metal ions, the heater is controlled such that the SCR catalyst is heated up to a first temperature or above and that the SCR catalyst is maintained at or above the first temperature for a prescribed period so as to achieve valence recovery of the transition metal ions put in a deteriorated state.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor 70 is provided with a proton conductive solid electrolyte layer 75; an anode layer 76 arranged on the surface of the solid electrolyte layer and able to hold water molecules; a cathode layer 77 arranged on the surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a current control device 73 controlling a current flowing through the anode layer and the cathode layer. The current control device reduces the current flowing through the anode layer and the cathode layer, when the water molecules held in the anode layer become smaller in amount.

Abstract: An exhaust gas catalyst includes: catalyst particles that clean exhaust gas; and magnetic particles that are placed around the catalyst particles and that generate heat upon absorption of microwaves. Each of the magnetic particles includes: a core portion composed of a ferromagnetic material capable of generating heat upon absorption of microwaves; and a shell portion coating a surface of the core portion, the shell portion having a property of permitting passage of microwaves, the shell portion being superior to ?-alumina or ?-alumina in a property of blocking gases.

Abstract: In cases where an adsorption amount of ammonia in the SCR catalyst is smaller than a predetermined target adsorption amount, when a condition of NOX being assumed not to flow into the SCR catalyst is satisfied, and when the temperature of the SCR catalyst falls within a temperature range (effective range) which is equal to or higher than a desorption temperature of ammonia adsorbed to the weak adsorption sites and which is less than a desorption temperature of ammonia adsorbed to the active sites, the adsorption of ammonia to the active sites is carried out, while suppressing the adsorption of ammonia to the weak adsorption sites, by supplying the additive agent to the SCR catalyst from a supply device.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device in which a fuse element can be stably fused without generating a crack in a base insulating film even when a protective insulating film on the fuse element, which is to be subjected to laser trimming, is thick, and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The fuse element including a laser irradiation portion has chamfers obtained by chamfering corner portions between side surfaces and a bottom surface of the laser irradiation portion.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes: an SCR catalyst including transition metal ions for reducing NOX in exhaust gas with NH3 as a reducing agent; detection means for detecting temperature of the SCR catalyst; and a heater configured to heat the SCR catalyst. When NOX does not flow into the SCR catalyst, and the temperature detected by the detection means is below a first temperature that is a temperature causing exhibition of valence recovery of transition metal ions, the heater is controlled such that the SCR catalyst is heated up to a first temperature or above and that the SCR catalyst is maintained at or above the first temperature for a prescribed period so as to achieve valence recovery of the transition metal ions put in a deteriorated state.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system provided with an exhaust gas treatment device, the exhaust gas treatment system having: a reaction unit for causing a gas purification agent and an acidic gas to react, the reaction unit being provided with a gas purification agent addition means for adding a gas purification agent to an exhaust gas containing the acidic gas and having a temperature of at least 190° C.; and a removal unit provided with a bag filter for removing the reaction product obtained by the reaction unit from the exhaust gas; the gas purification agent containing slaked lime having a specific surface area as measured by the BET method of at least of 25 m2/g and a pore volume as measured by the nitrogen desorption BJH method of at least 0.15 cm3/g. In this exhaust gas treatment system, an exhaust gas purification catalyst may be supported on the bag filter.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a conductive substrate and a photoconductive layer thereover, wherein the photoconductive layer contains a charge generation agent and a charge transport agent represented by General Formula (A-I), (B-I) or (C-I), and an amine compound represented by General Formula (II): where R1-3 each represent hydrogen, halogen or (un)substituted C1-6 alkyl, and n is 1 or 2, where R1-2 each represent C1-6 alkyl and R3-6 each represent hydrogen, halogen or (un)substituted C1-6 alkyl, where R8-33 each represent hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, or (un)substituted phenyl, and may be identical or different, where A and B each represent a group represented by formula (i) or (ii), and may be identical or different: —CH2X??formula (i) —CH2CH2Y??formula (ii) where X and Y each represent an (un)substituted aromatic group.