Abstract: The current invention provides improved methods and means for the treatment of virally induced intraepithelial neoplasias of the anogenital tract, such as HPV induced vulvar, cervical, vaginal, penile and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (VIN, CIN, VAIN, PIN and AIN). The invention provides a method of treatment of a subject suffering from an anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia comprising at least the steps of first determining whether the subject has a T-cell reactivity for viral early antigens, in particular high risk type HPV antigens; and subsequently a local treatment of the neoplasia with immune modulating compounds eliciting local inflammation if the subject scores positive for the T-cell reactivity, preferably a CD4+ response against HPV early antigens. The invention also comprises methods and means to induce or further stimulate a cellular immune response against HPV antigens, prior to or during treatment with the immune modulating compound capable of eliciting a local inflammatory response.

Abstract: The current invention provides improved methods and means for the treatment of virally induced intraepithelial neoplasias of the ano-genital tract, such as HPV induced vulvar-, cervical-, vaginal-, penile- and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (VIN, CIN, VAIN, PIN and AIN). The invention provides a method of treatment of a subject suffering from an anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia comprising at least the steps of first determining whether the subject has a T-cell reactivity for viral early antigens, in particular high risk type HPV antigens; and subsequently a local treatment of the neoplasia with immune modulating compounds eliciting local inflammation if the subject scores positive for the T-cell reactivity, preferably a CD4+response against HPV early antigens. The invention also comprises methods and means to induce or further stimulate a cellular immune response against HPV antigens, prior to or during treatment with the immune modulating compound capable of eliciting a local inflammatory response.

Abstract: The current invention provides improved methods and means for the treatment of virally induced intraepithelial neoplasias of the ano-genital tract, such as HPV induced vulvar-, cervical-, vaginal-, penile- and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (VIN, CIN, VAIN, PIN and AIN). The invention provides a method of treatment of a subject suffering from an anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia comprising at least the steps of first determining whether the subject has a T-cell reactivity for viral early antigens, in particular high risk type HPV antigens; and subsequently a local treatment of the neoplasia with immune modulating compounds eliciting local inflammation if the subject scores positive for the T-cell reactivity, preferably a CD4+response against HPV early antigens. The invention also comprises methods and means to induce or further stimulate a cellular immune response against HPV antigens, prior to or during treatment with the immune modulating compound capable of eliciting a local inflammatory response.